Ecology & Diversity of Fungi

Question 1

Which are fungi more closely related to: plants or animals?

Answer 1

animals

Question 2

How do fungi feed?

Answer 2

absorption

Question 3

What is the morphology of most fungi?

Answer 3

single-celled OR multicellular and filamentous

Question 4

single celled fungi

Answer 4

yeasts

Question 5

What do multicellular fungi consist of?

Answer 5

mycelia

Question 6

networks of branched hyphae

Answer 6

mycelia

Question 7

tiny tubular filaments adapted for absorption

Answer 7

hyphae

Question 8

interwoven mass of hyphae

Answer 8

mycelium

Question 9

____ infiltrate the material the fungus is feeding on

Answer 9

mycelia

Question 10

The structure of fungi ____ its surface-area-to-volume ratio.

Answer 10

maximizes

Question 11

How can fungi reproduce?

Answer 11

asexually AND sexually

Question 12

How do molds reproduce and what do they reproduce?

Answer 12

asexually; haploid spores

Question 13

How do yeasts reproduce and what do they reproduce?

Answer 13

asexually; cell division

Question 14

the fusion of cytoplasms of 2 parent mycelia cells

Answer 14

plasmogamy

Question 15

a multinucleate cell that contains genetically different nuclei

Answer 15

heterokaryotic

Question 16

fusion of haploid nuclei from the 2 parent mycelia cells

Answer 16

karyogamy

Question 17

What are the 5 major groups of fungi?

Answer 17

1.) Chytrids
2.) Zygomycetes
3.) Glomeromycetes
4.) Ascomycetes
5.) Basidiomycetes

Question 18

Which of the 5 groups of fungi contain the most types of fungi?

Answer 18

Ascomycetes

Question 19

Where are chytrids found?

Answer 19

freshwater and terrestrial habitats

Question 20

Which group of fungi was thought to have diverged early in fungal evolution?

Answer 20

chytrids

Question 21

Which group contains fast-growing molds?

Answer 21

zygomycetes

Question 22

Which group of fungi would you see mold growing on bread, fruits, and in jelly?

Answer 22

zygomycetes

Question 23

Which group of fungi forms arbuscular mycorrhizae with plant roots?

Answer 23

glomeromycetes

Question 24

80% of plants have a mutualistic relationship with ______.

Answer 24

glomeromycetes

Question 25

Which group is considered to have "sack fungi"

Answer 25

ascomycetes

Question 26

Where do ascomycetes fungi live?

Answer 26

marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats

Question 27

What are the fruiting bodies of ascomycetes called?

Answer 27

ascocarps

Question 28

How do humans use ascomycetes fungi in everyday life?

Answer 28

- mushrooms - truffles - cheese - antibiotics - bread - alcohol

Question 29

Which group has the classic idea of mushrooms?

Answer 29

basidiomycetes

Question 30

fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes

Answer 30

mushrooms

Question 31

Approx. ____% of fungi are parasites or pathogens.

Answer 31

30%

Question 32

What are some examples of pathogens in plants?

Answer 32

- corn smut - tar spots on leaves - ergots

Question 33

What is an example of pathogens in animals?

Answer 33

- chytrid fungus killing amphibians worldwide

Question 34

fungi that form mutually beneficial relationships with plants

Answer 34

mycorrhizae

Question 35

What can improve absorption of minerals in plant roots?

Answer 35

mycorrhizae

Question 36

specialized hypha that allows fungi to extract or exchange nutrients with plant hosts

Answer 36

haustroia

Question 37

live inside leaves or other plant parts

Answer 37

endophytes

Question 38

How do endophytes help plants?

Answer 38

- maxe toxins that deter herbivores - defend against pathogens

Question 39

Endophytes can increase the host plant's tolerance to:

Answer 39

- heat - drought - heavy metals

Question 40

symbiotic association between a photosynthetic microorganism and a fungus

Answer 40

lichen

Question 41

Which type of fungi affect the formation of soil?

Answer 41

lichen

Question 42

How do fungi affect the planet?

Answer 42

- break down dead organisms - return nutrients to the physical environment - fungal nutrients can provide nutrients and/or protection - lichen affect soil formation