Ecology Quiz 1 - GR 10 Flashcards

Question

Radiation

Answer 1

Emission of energy as waves This can be reflected or absorbed by the earth's surface Radiation comes from any substance that is at a higher temperature than its surroundings.

Answer 2

Global energy balance Earth maintains an energy temperature balance by radiating as much energy back into space as it absorbs from the sun. Radiation budget = total incoming energy - total outgoing energy

Answer 3

51% is absorbed by oceans and land (eventually heats up again and goes back out) 45% is absorbed, reflected, and scattered by the atmosphere 4% is reflected by earth's surface if 100% goes in, 100% goes back out eventually. (before humans)

Answer 4

Transfers thermal energy/radiation through direct contact between the two objects. Typically takes place in solids because the particles are closer together. Ex. touching fire

Answer 5

Transfers thermal energy/radiation through the movement of particles from one location to another. Takes place typically in liquids or gases. Ex. warming hands by fire

Answer 6

Any object or substance that absorbs and holds a lot of energy for a longer period of time, becoming warmer.

Answer 7

Water is a better heat sink than dry land = can hold a lot of heat (especially the ocean because it is so big, it is only cold because the heat spreads) Why? A) solar radiation penetrates water and spreads throughout it rather than just staying on the surface, leaving lots of room for more. B) water requires a lot of energy to heat/cool whereas dry land heats/cools faster

Answer 8

Earth's different surfaces (sand, water, forest, etc) affect how much heat goes into the air and the energy around them. Bigger areas will be colder because there is so much energy to spread. Surfaces that reflect heat energy will have a hot surface.

Answer 9

Surface colour affects how much heat is absorbed and reflected. Dirt and grass will absorb more heat than ice and snow because of their reflectivity.

Answer 10

Reflectivity The ability of a substance's surface to reflect solar energy. Light/shiny colours = higher albedo ex. Snow, ice, clouds, volcanic ash, etc. When too much heat is reflected back into space, it can have a global cooling affect and vise versa.

Answer 11

negative feedback loops with ice and earth's temperature

Answer 12

ex 1) ice melts, less of the sun's radiation is reflected, temperature increases, and so on. ex 2) More ice forms, more of the sun's radiation is reflected, the temperature cools, and so on.

Answer 13

Warming, more weathering, weaker greenhouse cooler Cooling, less weather, stronger greenhouse, warmer

Answer 14

Greenhouses work all year round because they are completely glass. The sun can come into the building, but then gets trapped inside. The earth has a similar effect.

Answer 15

This is a GOOD this because it helps regulate the earth's temperature. This is something that will happen whether people exist or not. Gases like water vapour, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and CFC's absorb energy and eventually emit them back out but in all directions. This means back down to the Earth's surface. If there are too many of these, then too much radiation is being put back onto earth, heating us up. Without this effect, we would be completely covered in ice (-20 average).

Answer 16

changes are triggered by Earth's energy balance. In millions of years, movement of the crust changes how much energy is absorbed from the sun. In hundreds of thousands of years, earth's climate changes in cycles (warm - cold, etc) Shorter periods of change are caused by natural events (volcanic eruptions, etc). All of these work together simultaneously on different timelines to create what we have today as our climate.

Answer 17

Continental drift - the movement of the continents. This causes the ocean currents and wind patterns to change, affecting how the heat absorbed is being transferred. This also changes the distribution of land mass on earth, changing the climates in certain areas.

Answer 18

20 000 years ago, we had our last Ice Age and the global temp was almost 10 degrees lower than today. For the past 800 000 years at least, the climate on earth has cycled between freezing periods and interglacial warming periods.

Answer 19

Milankovitch cycles are how the earth's orbit around the sun changes. This causes differences in climate on earth.

Answer 20

There are 3 main ways the earth's orbit changes: - eccentricity - tilt of axis - precession of tilt

Answer 21

This is the shape of the orbit. It can vary from being almost perfectly circular to very oval-like. This is caused by the sun's pull toward it and the pull of jupiter and saturn working together to pull the earth towards them, away from the sun. This cycle is about 100 000 years. We are currently more elliptical (oval).

Answer 22

tilt of the axis. Over about 41 000 years, the earth tilts back and forth on its axis ranging from 22.1 degrees to 24.6 degrees. With the increases of the tilt, the seasonal differences increase.

Answer 23

We experience seasons due to the change in the amount of direct and indirect sunlight we receive at different places (also solar radiation intensity). The greater the tilt, the more extreme seasons we will have (especially in higher latitudes).

Answer 24

heat energy Covers a small surface area heat is concentrated and warmer sun is high in the sky The heat has a direct path to the earth. This is summer

Answer 25

heat energy spread across a larger surface, meaning the heat must spread out making things cooler. The heat is scattered by obstacles in the sky. Sun is lower, coming at a different angle. This is winter.

Answer 26

The tilt itself doesn't change much, but the direction that it is pointing towards does. This is a cycle that takes 26 000 years for the earth to complete a full rotation. We are currently pointing towards Polaris or the North Star. This changes the time at which places will receive direct or indirect sunlight and when.

Answer 27

Caused by volcanic eruptions, changes in the Sun's radiation, changes in circulation of air or ocean currents, etc. These usually occur over tens to hundreds of years. Less frequently, we see changes due to things like asteroids which can impact climate for many years.

Answer 28

spew rocks, dust, and gases high into the atmosphere . Ejected particles of sulfur dioxide reflect sun rays and energy back out to space which can shade the earth's surface. Means that there is less energy present in the climate system and earth temporarily cools.

Answer 29

Cause abrupt changes in climate. Major changes to the amounts of fresh water versus salt water in our oceans impact currents which have a major role in the temperature around the planet.

Answer 30

We need to be able to distribute the thermal energy from areas that receive lots to areas that receive less.

Answer 31

Hydrosphere Atmosphere Lithosphere

Answer 32

Move thermal energy from the equator towards the poles. The suns intense rays heat up the equator quickly and becomes less dense and rises. Once it reaches lowest region of atmosphere (troposphere) it spreads to poles. The cooled air sinks back into the earth and pushes more warm air out. One of the main ways heat is transferred in the atmosphere.

Answer 33

Cold air descends at three different latitudes, 30, 60, 90. At the equator, warm air rises and loses moisture, at 30, dry air descends.

Answer 34

Earth is constantly rotating and the atmosphere rotates with it, but the earth rotates faster at the equator than the poles. This uneven rotation causes the convection cells to veer sideways. (Because of this, hurricanes turn one way in the northern hemisphere and another in the southern)

Answer 35

Extremely fast moving air about 10-15 km above the surface are called jet streams. These form at boundaries of warm and cold air. Intense winds within jet streams influence precipitation and thunderstorms.

Answer 36

Heat from sun evaporates water from oceans, etc. Rising air currents cool the water and form clouds. (condensation) Clouds release precipitation Precipitation can runoff into bodies of water or sink into the ground. Water evaporates again. It can also be transpired by trees.

Answer 37

Water has a low albedo and absorbs more than 90% of the solar energy striking it. It is then distributed around the globe due to convection currents, winds, and topography.

Answer 38

Warmer water is less dense than colder water and current formed. The sun warms equilateral water. As water travels it the poles, it gets colder and saltier This denser and saltier water at the poles sinks to the bottom of the floor and warmer surface water from the equator takes its place.

Answer 39

Act as conveyor belts and transport energy stored in water from warm parts to cold parts of earth.

Answer 40

Surface winds Earth's rotation (coriolis) Shapes of the continents

Answer 41

Warm ocean currents cause heat into the air and winds blow it to create precipitation in land Cold does opposite.

Answer 42

Mountains, etc cause disruption of airflow Warm moist air cools and condenses against the mountains and rain forms on ocean side and other side is dry

Answer 43

study of interactions of biotic and abiotic things as well as the different organization levels.

Answer 44

one individual of a breed that can mate with each other

Answer 45

all of the individuals of the same species in an area

Answer 46

all of the different species in an area

Answer 47

community plus the physical factors in the area

Answer 48

Large area that has a particular climate and particular species of plants and animals that thrive.

Answer 49

The part of earth that supports life

Answer 50

Regions with similar biotic and abiotic components. Ex parts of russia are very similar to SK If the biotic and abiotic factors are similar enough the same biome can occur in different parts of the world. Classified based on biotic factors such as DOMINANT plants and animals Abiotic factors like temp and precipitation. (climate) areas on earth with similar latitudes and altitudes will have similar biomes.

Answer 51

Temperature and precipitation determine type of biome.

Answer 52

Climatographs show the average temperature and precipitation in a location over many years. Biomes are typically described with these. They show temp on left, precipitation on right, and the time in months along the x axis.

Answer 53

1) look at your data and determine a scale. 2) Label your graph accordingly 3) start with the bar graph (blue) 4) Plot the line graph and draw it in (red) 5) label each axis and give it a title. (name of place, add all mm of rainfall, find difference in temp/temperature range)

Answer 54

line graph

Answer 55

soil is permanently frozen flat - poor drainage creeks are created when the topsoil thaws cold and dark

Answer 56

Short summer growing periods rough terrain wet soil shallow lakes creeks wetlands

Answer 57

drastic seasonal changes rich soil precipitation is evenly distributed 4 distinct seasons temp can drastically change hourly good growing seasons

Answer 58

hot narrow strips along coasts based by mountains ocean winds drop a lot of moisture

Answer 59

Temperate: flat lands rich soil and fertile deep grass roots precipitation Tropical: less rich soil from erosion grass fires

Ecology Quiz 1 - GR 10 Flashcards

(84 cards)