Ecology test practice

Question 1

Atmosphere

Answer 1

Air - the gases surrounding the earth

Question 2

Lithosphere

Answer 2

Land - the outer layer of the earth

Question 3

Hydrosphere

Answer 3

Water - all of earth’s water

Question 4

Biosphere

Answer 4

All 3 put together - any living thing

Question 5

Population, community, ecosystem

Answer 5

Population - the number of a species in an area
Community - population of that species and other species
Ecosystem - all of those species plus abiotic factors

Question 6

Biotic and Abiotic factors

Answer 6

Biotic - living things (plants, animals)

Abiotic - non-living things (sun, water, rain)

Question 7

Photosynthesis

Answer 7

The process of the sun’s energy converting into chemical energy
Carbon dioxide + water = sugar + oxygen

Question 8

Cellular respiration

Answer 8

The opposite of photosynthesis

Sugar + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

Question 9

Food chains and webs

Answer 9

Food chains - are simple and easy to read

Food webs - complex with many levels

Question 10

Trophic levels of a food chain/web

Answer 10

1st - producer (plants, fruit)
2nd - primary consumers (herbivores)
3rd - secondary consumers (omnivores)
4th - tertiary consumers (carnivores)

Question 11

Water cycle

Answer 11

the water moving through our ecosystem
evaporation, condensation, precipitation

the water evaporates into the clouds - condensates in the clouds and build up - precipitates to the ground

Question 12

Carbon cycle

Answer 12

the carbon dioxide moving through our ecosystem
carbon in the atmosphere being used in photosynthesis - getting released back into the air through respiration and burning fossil fuels

Question 13

Limiting factor

Answer 13

the factor that restricts the size of a population

Question 14

Carrying capacity

Answer 14

the maximum population size of a particular species

Question 15

Biomes

Answer 15

a biome is a large area that has abiotic and biotic factors
terrestrial - found on land
aquatic - found in water

Question 16

Equilibrium

Answer 16

the state of balance and equalness in an ecosystem

Question 17

Sucsession

Answer 17

the gradual changes in an ecosystem after a disturbance

Question 18

Primary sucsession

Answer 18

sucsession occurs where no life previously existed

Question 19

Secondary sucsession

Answer 19

sucsession occurs in a partially disturbed ecosystem

Question 20

Biodiversity

Answer 20

the variety of species in an ecosystem

Question 21

Extinct, extripated, endangered, threatened

Answer 21

extinct - no longer exists anywhere
extripated - species that doesn’t exist in a specific area
endangered - a species facing extripation and extinction
threatened - a species facing endangerment if the factors reducing its survival arent changed

Question 22

Native species

Answer 22

species that have been in a given location before human development

Question 23

Non-native species

Answer 23

species that have been transported to a given location

Question 24

Invasive species

Answer 24

a species that is negatively harming its enviornment, typically overpopulated

Question 25

4 impacts of invasive species

Answer 25

ecological economic tourism health

Question 26

Controlling invasive species

Answer 26

Chemical control - pesticides | Mechanical control - physically removing

Question 27

Acid precipitation

Answer 27

sulfur dioxide mixing with carbon dioxide in the clouds and precipitating acid

Question 28

Pollution

Answer 28

oil spills burning fossil fuels garbage patch carbon emissions

Question 29

Forest practices/tree cutting

Answer 29

clear cutting - cutting all or most trees shelterwood cutting - cut mature trees selective cutting - specific trees are cut

Question 30

Wildlife managment

Answer 30

over fishing | un regulated hunting

Question 31

Mananging soils/nutrients

Answer 31

the nutrients found in soil are potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 32

Synthetic and natural fertilizer

Answer 32

synthetic - made up of chemicals | natural - plant/animal manure, compost

Question 33

Impacts of fertilizer

Answer 33

can leave the soil and enter the water system algal blooms in the water system soil compaction - decreased oxygen levels

Question 34

Pests and pesticides

Answer 34

pests - unwanted species | pesticides - a substance used to kill pests

Question 35

Broad and narrow spectrum

Answer 35

broad spectrum - can kill many different kinds of pests | narrow spectrum - can only kill a few kinds of pests

Question 36

Bioaccumulation with pesticides

Answer 36

The accumulation of a substance in an organism

Question 37

Bioamplification with pesticides

Answer 37

the increase of accumulation of the substance as it moves up the food chain/web

Question 38

Pesticide resistance

Answer 38

when pesticides are used for a long time that they are no longer able to control the pest

Question 39

Non target species

Answer 39

when pesticides kill species that were not meant to be killed reduces biodiversity