Economic activity Flashcards
(63 cards)
What does employment of the primary sector involve?
Involves extraction of raw materials (farming, mining, fishing).
What does employment of the secondary sector involve?
Manufacturing and processing (factories, construction).
What does employment of the Tertiary Sector involve?
Providing services (retail, healthcare, education).
What does employment of the quaternary sector involve?
High-level knowledge services (IT, research, development).
Explain the pre-industrial phase of the Clark Fisher model
Primary sector dominates due to subsistence farming.
What is the Clark Fisher model
This model explains how the importance of different sectors changes over time
Explain the industrial phase of the Clark Fisher model
Growth of factories increases secondary employment.
Explain the post industrial phase of the Clark fisher model
Services and knowledge-based jobs grow; secondary declines.
Explain one type of employment structure (how developed a country is)
LICs (e.g. Mali): Majority in agriculture (primary).
Explain one type of employment structure (how developed a country is)
MICs (e.g. China): Increasing in manufacturing (secondary), services growing.
Explain one type of employment structure (how developed a country is)
HICs (e.g. UK): Services dominate; few in primary/secondary.
UK example of employment structure from 1800 to 2020s
1800: Majority in farming
1900: Industrial employment peaks (e.g. coal, textiles)
2020s: Over 70% in services, less than 1% in primary
China example of employment structure from 1800 to 2020s
1950: ~80% in farming
Post-1978: Economic reforms led to factory boom
By 2020: Majority in secondary and tertiary jobs
Explain factors affecting location of economic activity of a primary sector
Physical factors: Soil, rainfall, climate, relief
Resources: Minerals, forests, fish stocks
Environmental threats: Droughts, floods, depletion
Explain factors affecting location of economic activity of a secondary sector
Inputs: Close to raw materials (e.g. coalfields)
Infrastructure: Roads, ports, electricity
Labor: Cheap or skilled workforce
Government policy: Incentives, SEZs
Explain factors affecting location of economic activity of a tertiary sector
Proximity to population: Services near cities
Transport & accessibility: Roads, airports
Technology: Allows remote services
Land costs: Retail often locates on urban fringes
Explain factors affecting location of economic activity of a quaternary sector
Quaternary Sector:
Universities and talent: Science parks
Quality of life: Housing, environment
Connectivity: Internet and air travel access
What is one impact of mechanisation on employment in the agricultural sector?
Mechanisation reduces need for farm workers
Why have many manufacturing industries moved from high-income countries (HICs) to newly industrialising countries (NICs)?
Deindustrialisation in HICs; factories move to NICs
Explain one way globalisation has changed the location of service-based jobs.
Globalisation allows remote services
Explain how climate change can influence the location of agricultural activities.
Climate change affects agriculture locations
Explain one reason why some high-tech industries are returning to high-income countries (HICs). (2 marks)
Re-shoring of high-tech industry in HICs due to automation
How does resource availability shift sectors overtime?
Exhaustion leads to decline (e.g. UK coal mines closed)
How does Mechanisation shift sectors overtime?
Machines replace human labour (farms, factories)
