Economic Activity And Energy (from Revison Sheet) Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the four main employment sectors?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
Give an example of each employment sector.
Primary: Farming
Secondary: Factory work
Tertiary: Teaching
Quaternary: Scientific research
What is the informal sector?
Jobs outside government regulation, untaxed (e.g. street vending)
What does the Clark-Fisher Model show?
How employment structure changes as a country develops.
Name one criticism of the Clark-Fisher Model.
It’s based on Western development and doesn’t consider resource-rich economies.
Name three physical factors influencing industrial location.
Flat land, access to water, proximity to raw materials
Name three human factors influencing industrial location.
Capital, labour supply, accessibility (e.g. motorways)
How can government policy affect industrial location?
Grants, subsidies, and trade agreements can attract industry.
Give an example of UK government policy encouraging development.
MediaCityUK in Salford attracted media firms like the BBC.
What caused deindustrialisation in Redcar?
Resource depletion, foreign competition, lack of subsidies
Name two negative impacts of deindustrialisation in the UK.
Job losses
Cycle of deprivation in affected communities
Name two positive impacts of the shift to tertiary/quaternary sectors in the UK.
Increased FDI
Growth in financial services (e.g. London)
What major reform did China implement in 1978?
Open Door Policy, encouraging FDI and manufacturing growth
What percentage of people worked in agriculture in China in 1978 vs 2020?
1978: 70%
2020: 24%
Give two positive and two negative impacts of China’s industrial growth.
Positives: Reduced poverty, improved infrastructure
Negatives: Pollution, increased inequality
What percentage of Mumbai’s population works in the informal sector?
68%
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of informal sector jobs.
Advantage: Easy to enter, reduces unemployment
Disadvantage: No job security or legal protection
What is Malthus’ theory about population growth?
Population will outgrow food supply, leading to disaster.
What is Boserup’s theory?
Innovation will solve resource problems—“necessity is the mother of invention.”
What is meant by ‘optimum population’?
When a population size matches the available resources.
