Economic Development Flashcards
Stalin (21 cards)
1927
oct - start of GP crisis
nov - T, K, Z expelled
Dec - end of NEP announced
1928
Jan - demands ‘co’ measures to deal w/ the crisis
Oct - launch 1st 5 yr plan
1929
April - plan confirmed by CC
Nov - B expelled from Politburo
Dec - declare war on kulaks
The Great Turn
main aim = indust as quick as pos - Sov USA - rapid indust & col began 1925 - 14th PC commited to indust
end of NEP = start of Stalinism
Slow Indust Pace
Reasons the for The Great Turn
by 1927 NEP = failing to prod expected growth - worried about mili strength - mod war = X
want self suf less W depen on heavy plant
weak mans need efficiency if inc prod & qual & dec prices
Grain Procurement
Reasons the for The Great Turn
winter 1927-8 grain dec 25% on yr b4
blame on P’s need to dec P reli
Ideology
Reasons the for The Great Turn
ppl impatient for true com marx said essen to have m w’s 1928 = 20% of pop
state lost control over country need control for full com
S’s Changing Attitude
Reasons the for The Great Turn
previous sups = m radical needed new solus to secure power - end of NEP meant S as dom leader
Launch of 1st 5 Year Plan
50-100 yrs behind other indust countries
need to = ready for mod war - lost bc = weak
S1C achievements would show world w’s what could achieve
wanted to assert own pos
not intended to improve living standards new would cause p probs = low investment in country
Central Planning
Gosplan would set targets for dif sectors
command econ = top down centralised plan
Rapid Indust Growth
planned to inc 300%
heavy = prioritised - coal & oil X consumer
light inc = 100% expectation
Investment to Infrastructure
inc elec to transform soc
invest in railway
New Indust Centres
1000s planned
Magnitorsk steel city - settlement of 175k 250k to build 1000s of shock workers 1000s died average = 82 days 40k pris & voluns
Propaganda & Discipline
boards outside f’s showing target & outputs harch pun threats = motivation
Ideology
soc could achieve what caps thought impos
Foreign Experts
for advice & training
US company planned Mag & trained w’s
Reactions to 1st 5 Year Plan
many = :)
urban w’s hoped employ prospects & good living standards
many poor & middle p’s hoped for mod meths
higher wages for m skill
less food - col
many mans crit central planning
miners in unsafe conditions to meet targets
Grain Procurement Crisis
= NB trigger for col less grain X harvests low prices little for p’s to buy so x sell
1928 U-S harvest = good GP still less than 1/3 of previous yr S blamed P’s so closed free markets & force seized grain - U-S meth thought should extend
Features of Decision
already some col f’s laye dec 1927-9 not pop
1929 = 5%
Jan 1930 announce 25% by yr end target by 1932 dec prod
CC sent 25k indust w’s to inc col f’s
Reasons for Col
rev broke up big estates = low prod col f’s would combo 100s - tractors to inc efficiency specialists to teach new techniques
priv trade under NEP inc p wealth hoarded grain to inc £s
GP showed not reli needed col f’s for indust = targets low price X priv trade - would coop
Col & Bukahrin
= op of U-S meth & accel col - harshness risked p’s stopping food supply in WC led to food shortages rationing & protest
p offs = enthu & B’s pol pos = weak - April 1928 outvoted & Nov 1929 removed - right deviant
