Economic Develpment Flashcards
Child Mortality Rate
Number of deaths per thousand children within the first five years of life.
Core-Periphery Model
A model that describes how economic, political, and/or cultural power is spatially distributed between dominant core regions, and more marginal or dependent semi-peripheral and peripheral regions.
Crude Birth Rate
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
Development
A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.
Gender Development Index (GDI)
An indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the difference between men and women in terms of a long and healthy life, education and standard of living.
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
A United Nations index, introduced in 2010, which measures a country’s loss of achievement due to gender inequality, based on reproductive health, employment, and general empowerment.
Globalization
the growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
total value of the goods and services produced within a country per person, excluding transactions with other countries
Gross National Income (GNI) per capita
the sum of a country’s gross domestic product plus all net income received from overseas, divided by the mid-year population
Human Development Index (HDI)
Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy
Industrial Revolution
A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s and marked the transition from agricultural to industrial production
Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)
an indicator of development that modifies the HDI to account for inequality within a country
Infant Mortality Rate
The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.
Life Expectancy
A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live
Literacy Rate The percentage of a country’s people who can read and write.
Microfinance (Microloans)
the practice of offering small, collateral-free loans to individuals who otherwise would not have access to the capital necessary to begin small businesses or other income-generating activities
Primary sector
The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth’s surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry
Quaternary sector
Jobs that deal with the handling and processing of knowledge and information.
Quinary sector
Service sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill. Examples include scientific research and high-level management.
Secondary Sector
Portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing the process, transformation, and assembly of raw materials into useful products
Sustainability
The use of Earth’s renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future.
Tertiary Sector
The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment.
Total Fertility Rate
The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.
UN Sustainable Development Goals
17 Goals set by the UN in 2015 to be achieved by 2030 that aim at promoting development, reducing poverty and protecting the planet.
World Bank A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion, and debt consolidation. Its formal name is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
