Economic Downturn and Recovery

Question 1

3 branches of US Government

Answer 1

Judicial (evaluate laws)
Executive (carry out laws)
Legislative (make laws)

Thinks judicial judge laws

Question 2

2 American parties that make up government

Answer 2

Republicans
Democrats

Question 3

3 Alphabet agencies in new deal

Answer 3

NRA- fair prices, wages and working conditions, blue eagle symbol
FERA- $500 million emergency relief for unemployed
CCC- jobs for men aged 18-25 including planting trees

Question 4

True or false, Hoover was president when the Wall Street crash happened

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What year was the Wall Street crash

Answer 5

1929

Question 6

True or false, Hoover did lots to help solve the Great Depression

Answer 6

False, he did very little (apart from a few things in 1932 when it was approaching the Presidential elections)

Question 7

How many were unemployed 1932

Answer 7

13 million

Question 8

What was the suicide rate at its peak in 1932

Answer 8

17.4/ 1000

Question 9

3 branches of US government

Answer 9

Judicial (evaluate laws)
Executive (carry out laws)
Legislative (make laws)

Question 10

True or false, the President is in charge of the executive body

Answer 10

True- it’s the President’s responsibility to enforce laws

Question 11

2 American parties that make up government

Answer 11

Democrats
Republicans

Question 12

True or false, African Americans were worst affected by the Great Depression than white Americans

Answer 12

True
1933- 20% whites unemployed, 50% blacks unemployed
Black people were first to lose jobs and last to get them back

Question 13

What did 12,000 Veterans do in 1932

Answer 13

Bonus march
Marched to Washington DC to try and get early payment of war bonuses due 1945 but were refused

(It would’ve been too expensive to give them the payment as the money would be better spent on helping the whole of the population and not just veterans

Question 14

Why did many farmers become bankrupt

Answer 14

Unable to sell their produce as people couldn’t afford it
Dust storms also made soil turn to dust creating a ‘dust bowl’ leading to poor harvests withe farmers having nothing to sell

Question 15

What is a hobo (in 1932 there were 2 million of them)

Answer 15

Unemployed wanderer searching for work

Question 16

Give 2 Republican policies that Hoover implemented when dealing with the Great Depression

Answer 16

Laissez- Faire
Rugged Individualism

Question 17

What is meant by Rugged Individualism

Answer 17

Individuals rise and fall by own actions

Question 18

What is meant by Laissez- Faire

Answer 18

Government shouldn’t interfere in economy (e.g in Great Depression)

Question 19

What was the Hawley- Smoot Tariff Act 1930

Answer 19

Increases import tax on foreign goods (less people buy from abroad because it’s more expensive so more people buy from USA)

It caused other nations to retaliate and also impose tariffs on imported foreign goods meaning other nations weren’t investing in American goods and products which worsened the economy further

Question 20

What was the Act in 1930 that meant people spent more on goods from America than abroad as they were cheaper

Answer 20

Hawley- Smoot Tariff Act

Question 21

By 1932 Hoover introduced a few acts because he realised that he wasn’t doing anything to help the Great Depression and it was about to be the Presidential Elections.
List one Act introduced

Answer 21

Emergency Relief Act
$300 million given to state governments for unemployed

Question 22

Why was Hoover unpopular in 1932 (and therefore didn’t win the Presidential election)

Answer 22

Had failed to get Americans out of Depression
13 million were unemployed
Didn’t offer any new solutions
Any schemes/ policies offered were too small or too late to have an effect

Question 23

Who won the 1932 Presidential election election (and therefore starting serving as President Jan 1933)

Answer 23

Roosevelt (FDR)

Question 24

What did Roosevelt introduce to try and help with the Great Depression

Answer 24

The New Deal

Question 25

What did FDR's New Deal Consist of

Answer 25

Fireside chats Alphabet Agencies (Everything was based off the 3Rs- relief, recover, reform)

Question 26

What were the purpose of Fireside chats as part of New Deal

Answer 26

Radio broadcasts from FDR to Nation bringing optimism and acting as propaganda to build trust and confidence in FDR

Question 27

3 examples of Alphabet Agencies

Answer 27

CCC- men aged 18-25 work e.g planting trees NIRA- fair wages, working conditions and prices, blue eagle symbol FERA- $500 million emergency relief given to unemployed

Question 28

What was the CCC alphabet agency

Answer 28

Men aged 18-25 given work e.g planting trees

Question 29

What was the FERA alphabet agency

Answer 29

$500 million emergency relief given to unemployed

Question 30

What was the NRA alphabet agency

Answer 30

Set up fair wages, working conditions and prices Blue eagle symbol

Question 31

Why did Roosevelt introduce a second New Deal in 1935

Answer 31

To help deal with more of the long term effects of the Depression (root causes) instead of only helping it on the surface and not in the long term (1934 11.3 million are still unemployed)

Question 32

True or false, the Second New Deal focused more on helping the economy and relieving the effects of the Great Depression in the long term (compared to first New Deal)

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What did the Social Security Act do as part of the Second New Deal

Answer 33

National system to help those in poverty, especially the elderly who he provided pensions to and the disabled who he provided aid to Set up pensions and some medical care

Question 34

Why did Republicans oppose the New Deal

Answer 34

Believed Government were doing too much to help (going against Republican beliefs like rugged- individualism as FDR was Democrat) Believed FDR was changing accepted role of US government

Question 35

True or false, the New Deal gave equal opportunities for white and black people

Answer 35

False The Alphabet Agencies discriminated against black people e.g lower wages

Question 36

3 individuals who opposed the New Deal

Answer 36

Father Charles Coughlin (not enough done to help those in need) Dr Frances Townsend (not enough done to help old people) Huey Long (wealth not shared fairly)

Question 37

True or false, Hoover spend more on public works than in last 30 yrs during Great Depression

Answer 37

True E.g building Boulder Dam/ San Francisco Bay Bridge

Question 38

What were 2 court cases with Supreme Court in 1935 and 1936

Answer 38

Sick chickens case (1935)- NRA declared unconstitutional Us vs Butler (1936)- AAA declared unconstitutional It was claimed that Roosevelt had used Federal powers to create the alphabet agency which went outside the rules of the constitution

Question 39

What did Roosevelt do with banks

Answer 39

He closed all banks for 10 days in order to stop them all from entirely collapsing if they hadn't already and only banks with enough money to operate are allowed to stay open (Ensure banking crisis doesn't worsen further as people owe lots of money to the banks which they simply don't have) Used fireside chats to explain his actions to bring confidence and optimism in Americans and put faith in him