Economic Geography

Question 1

Economic geography is the

Answer 1

sub-discipline of human geography

Question 2

economic geography is focused on

Answer 2

• economic patterns across space and time

- spatial variations of economic activities

Question 3

identifying patterns, consistencies, and generalizations that will assist in understanding economic patterns

Answer 3

economic geography

Question 4

involves harvesting resources directly from the land/water without modification

Answer 4

primary activities

Question 5

examples of primary activities

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farming, fishing, forestry and mining

Question 6

involve creating something new by converting primary resources into higher valued goods

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secondary activites

Question 7

involves moving, selling and trading goods produced at first 2 levels, as well as professional and financial services

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tertiary activities

Question 8

examples of tertiary activities

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banking, investment

Question 9

involves information processing and intellectual services

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Quaternary activities

Question 10

movement of people, ideas, and commodities within and between area

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spatial interaction

Question 11

places that are _____ are more attractrive

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nearer and larger

Question 12

the bigger things are the

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more frequently they are reacted with

Question 13

if places are closer together =

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higher interaction

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distance produces predictable

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patterns of activity

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is dependent upon distance

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accessibility

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intensity of interaction

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declines away from most accessible areas

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the greater the distance =

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less interaction

Question 18

improvements in transport technologies and communications have the effect of bringing places “closer” together

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space-time convergence

Question 19

makes things seem closer than they are

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space-time convergence

Question 20

used to describe the system of mass production and mass consumption

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Fordism

Question 21

Henry Ford is an example of

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internationalization of industry

Question 22

products with multiple uses, or that are adaptable to be used as components for different types of products

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flexible production or “flexible manufacturing”

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gives you the allusion of choice

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flexible production

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where you simply get the products you need

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lean production

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- use of information technologies in machines and operations | - rapid switching from one type of product or style to another to meet consumer demand

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flexible production systems

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revamping its aging lineup of mass-volume cars with vehicles geared towards specific consumer tastes

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product-led recovery

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increased subcontracting + increased global dependencies =

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decreased risk

Question 28

sub-contracting relationships to multiple suppliers as a risk diversion strategy is an example of

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dual sourcing

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we still need warehouses for

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outsourcing/dual sourcing

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serve as a supply source of automobile parts

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intermediate warehouses

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products flow from

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manufacturer--> intermediate warehouse--> assembler

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stages of the ______ are completed exactly when needed

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manufacturing process

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companies based in one country that do business with one or more other countries

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multi-national corporations

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companies that operate factories in countries other than the country of origin

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trans-national corporations

Question 35

factories migrate based on

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industry change and local to regional conditions

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what happens at one scale is not independent of what happens at other scales

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global-local continuum

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3 geographic divisons

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1. increased demand for high-tech products 2. the rise of "techno-poles" in the core economies 3. innovation centers are typically far from the old manufacturing region

Question 38

innovation centers are typically at considerable geographic distance from old manufacturing regions marks the

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sharp contrast between the snow and sun belt

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world industrial region

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agglomeration economies

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locations centered around high-tech manufacturing and information processing

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techno-poles

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gained when countries focus on manufacturing and exporting the goods they produce at the lowest relative cost

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relative advanatage

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International labour migration

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majority of labour flows from low wage economies to more developed, high wage economies

Question 43

Export-led Industrialization

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moves work to the workers

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develop subsidiary plants or subcontract parts manufacturing to areas such as Malaysia and Taiwan

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Export-led industrialization

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- significant industrial growth in less developed countries - heavy manufacturing and processing industries - creating particular patterns on the geographical landscape

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Export-led industrialization

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limited geographical areas where special advantages attract investors

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export processing zones (EPZs)

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industrial zones with special incentives

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export processing zones

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constitutes a free trade enclave in the customs and trade regime of the country

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delineated industrial estate

Question 49

produce mainly for the export, and benefit from certain taxes and financials

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foreign manufacture firms

Question 50

6 reasons EPZ's are created

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1. creates jobs and raises standards of living 2. transferring new skills and expertise 3. boost non-traditional exports and export sectors 4. increasing foreign exchange earnings 5. intro to new technology 6. kick start the economy as a whole

Question 51

are forbidden by law in EPZs

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labour unions

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minimum wage for appretice/trainee, unskilled, semi-skilled and, skilled

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1. $22 2. $38 3. $45 4. $63

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working hours for 1. factory 2. office

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1. 48 hours/week | 2. 39 hours/week

Question 54

7 key feature of EPZs (lx2 tinds)

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1. low wages 2. labour intensive production 3. import provisions for goods used in manufacturing 4. tax holidays 5. no foreign exchange control 6. duty-free export 7. subsidized factories and warehouses

Question 55

EPZs are primarily located where, and why

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coastal locations because of shipments (need bodies of water for ships)

Question 56

space might matter ____ but place _____

Answer 56

less | still matters