Economics Flashcards
Name five material costs.
Raw material
Processing
Associated (transport)
In service
Decommissioning
Name three methods to change the shape of a raw material.
Rolling
Drawing
3D printing
Investment casting and powder metallurgy
Name five resources in the manufacturing process.
Materials
Capital
Time
Energy
Information
Name three associated costs.
Transport
Import fees
Exchange rate
Name four in service costs.
Inspection of material:
Corrosion
Coatings
Cracks
Foulings
Name the three main steps in the decommissioning process.
Reusable?
Recyclable? (Metals are melted, glass is collected)
Waste? (Landfill)
Name two factors that affect consumption.
Availability of resources
Political conflict
What is a life cycle assessment (LCA)?
Evaluates eco-impact throughout all cycles of product’s life, from extraction to recycling.
Name the four stages of a product’s life cycle.
Material production
Product manufacture
Product use
Disposal
What do LCAs identify?
Quantifies environmental stressors such as CO2 and other emissions.
Define embodied energy.
Energy consumed to create 1kg of usable material [MJ/kg].
Define carbon footprint.
The release of CO2 per kg of material.
What does input output analysis assess?
Embodied energies
Define processing energy.
Energy used to shape, join and finish 1kg of material to produce a product.
Name the input factors of input-output analysis.
Processing energy
Embodied energy
