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Ecosystem Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Abiotic

A

A non living organisms.

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2
Q

Biotic

A

A living organism. Has cells

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3
Q

Niche

A

A position or role a species has in a specific environment.

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4
Q

Predator

A

An animals who hunts his prey

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5
Q

Prey

A

An animal who is hunted

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6
Q

Parasite

A

an organism which lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other’s expense.

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7
Q

Mutualism

A

Two organisms who benefit from each other

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8
Q

Commensalism

A

1 organism benefits, the other organism doesn’t care

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9
Q

Host

A

An organism which has parasites

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10
Q

Symbiosis

A

The relationship between two animals

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11
Q

Mutualism

A

Both animals benefit from the relationship. E.g. bird eats from cow’s tick from its back and gets itself some food.

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12
Q

Parasitism

A

One animal benefits but the other animal is effected badly. E.g. A tick on a cow’s back

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13
Q

Commensalism

A

One animal benefits from the relationship and the other one doesn’t care. E.g. a tree and a possum because the possum gets a home and the tree doesn’t care

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14
Q

Detrivour

A

Brings thing up into small pieces. E.g. earthworm

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15
Q

Decomposer

A

Chemical breakdown E.g. fungi and bacteria

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16
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light

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17
Q

Food chain

A

diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another

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18
Q

Food web

A

diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food

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19
Q

Trophic level

A

a level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid

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20
Q

First order, primary consumer

A

organism that is within the second trophic level of a food chain (herbivores); also known as a primary consumer

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21
Q

Secondary order, secondary consumer

A

the second consumer in a food chain; also known as a second-order consumer

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22
Q

Energy pyramid

A

a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain

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23
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

a representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain

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24
Q

Pyramid of biomass

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A

a representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain

25
Birth rate
the number of organisms within a population that are born within a particular period of time
26
Death rate
the number of organisms within a population that die within a particular period of time
27
Emigration
Leaving an ecosystem
28
Immigration
Joining an ecosystem
29
Exponential growth
a rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph
30
Sigmoid
the shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau
31
Steady state
See equilibrium
32
Plateau phase
See equilibrium
33
Equilibrium
a state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase
34
Zero population growth
The population hasn’t grown
35
Carrying capacity
the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain
36
Autotrophs and producer
organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms
37
Photosynthesis
the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.
38
Fat
an organic substance that is solid at room temperature and is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
39
Metabolism
the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells
40
Cellular respiration
the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.
41
``` mitochondrion. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ```
a form of energy released during cellular respiration that provides cells with the energy needed to perform their functions
42
Aerobic respiration
the chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy.
43
Glycolysis
process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released
44
Cytosol
the fluid found inside cells
45
Krebs cycle
part of the aerobic respiration process in which carbon dioxide and ATP (energy) are produced
46
Electron transport chain reaction
part of the aerobic respiration process
47
Mitochondria
small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes. Singular = mitochondrion.
48
Anaerobic respiration
the chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in cells and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.
49
Lactic acid
an end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate
50
Ethanol
an end product of anaerobic respiration in plants; a form of alcohol
51
Eutrophication
a form of water pollution involving an excess of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphorus, resulting in algal blooms and possible death of fish and other organisms
52
Insecticide
a chemical used to kill insects
53
Fungicides
a chemical used to kill fungal growth
54
Herbicides
a chemical used to kill unwanted plants (weeds)
55
Fumigants
a chemical used in the form of smoke or fumes, to kill pests
56
Bioaccumulation
magnification of concentrations of a substance such as a nonbiodegradable pesticide along the food chain; also known as biological magnification
57
Introduced species
an organism that has been released into an ecosystem in which it does not occur naturally
58
Transpiration
Movement of water through a plant

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