ecosystems

Question 1

ecological niche

Answer 1

the role a species fulfils in an ecosystem

Question 2

describe the three oxygen groups yk

Answer 2

aerobes (need oxygen)

anaerobes (survive without oxygen)

facultative anaerobes (can do both)

Question 3

describe the ranges ig

Answer 3

optiumum is muy perfecto

stress is shit

intolerance es imposible

Question 4

ingestion

Answer 4

provides the organism with the raw materials crucial for growth

Question 5

digestion

Answer 5

changes the food into what acc can be like it breaks it down

Question 6

absorption

Answer 6

allows the body to extract nutrients from the digested food and transport them to the cells for energy and shit

Question 7

assimilation

Answer 7

like when the food becomes a part of the cell growth development and all

Question 8

elimination

Answer 8

removing useless waste for the body to beable to funvtion properly

Question 9

mixotrophs

Answer 9

both produce their own food and make their own ig depending on availability

like the plant that eats flies (venus flytrap)

Question 10

facultative mixotroph

Answer 10

can switch between heterotroph and autotroph modes depending on the conditions and environment

Question 11

obligate mixotroph

Answer 11

they need both autotrophic and heterotrophic modes to survive

Question 12

what does a saprotroph do

Answer 12

they get energy by breaking down or oxidising chemical compounds

Question 13

adaptations

Answer 13

changes in the body to fit a location

Question 14

describe the saprotrops: bacteria

Answer 14

secrete enzymes that break down organic matter, breaking them down into small molecules which they later eat

Question 15

describe the saprotroph: mold

Answer 15

produce enzymes that typically break down complex organic molecules

Question 16

describe the saprotrophs: fungi

Answer 16

secrete enzymes that break down complex organic compound into simpler forms which thet absorb as nutrients

Question 17

holozoic nutrition

Answer 17

many single celled organisms (like amoeba) are capable of that

food particles are taken in by engulfment of the substance (endocytosis) and subsequent breakdown & digestion in specialised vesicles

Question 18

facultative mixotroph

Answer 18

can switch between auto and hetero troph depending on the conditions

Question 19

obligate mixotroph

Answer 19

they need both auto and hetero troph to survive

Question 20

thorns as a defensive mechanism

Answer 20

physical barrier- they make it difficult for herbivores to access the plant tissue for feeding
like the acacia tree has sharp thorns along its branches and those scare off large herbivores like giraffes

inflict pain and discomfort to herbivores who try to feed on it
the blackberry bush is an excellent example its stems are covered in tiny needles, like thorns and when animals try to graze on their leaves or berries they get hurt and scared off

some thorns also produce toxins or some unpleasant shit

Question 21

toxins as adaptations

Answer 21

unpalatable taste or smell- disgusts herbivores from eating thhem and shittttt

digestive system distruptions- like the toxins just fuck up the animals digestive system leading to discomfort pain sickjess death and they know that so they stray away
like the castor bean plant which produces ricin (a highly toxic protein found in the seeds)

Question 22

think of ways of how predators are adapted to their job

Answer 22

fantastic vision, great hearing abilities, sharp teeth, claws, strong muscles

Question 23

how are bats adapted to their lives

Answer 23

ginormous ears so their hearing that they rely on a lot is good
sensitive eyes so somehow they can see in pitch black
the whole echolocation thing
thermoregulation
sleeping upside down

Question 24

adaptations of snakes

Answer 24

poisonous
can swallow a lot (boa contractor and pythons can swallow the whole prey) and yeah
camouflage
heat sensing pit organs

Question 25

adaptations of bears

Answer 25

muscular large powerful build strong ahh claws and teeth an exceptional sense of smell increeeedible swiming and climbing abilities intelligent omnivorous

Question 26

school of herring

Answer 26

schooling behaviours they swim together tightly and confuse predators like that they are rlly fast and agile and havr great sensory perception camouflage and counter shading

Question 27

geckos

Answer 27

camouflage and they can blend into their surroundings hunting in the night and they can stand real still

Question 28

emergent layer

Answer 28

tallest trees birds insects like korony drzew

Question 29

canopy layer

Answer 29

flora and fauna like normal tall trees ale not the tallest

Question 30

understory layer

Answer 30

young herbs shrubs and bushes

Question 31

forest floor

Answer 31

sciolka lesna humid dark insects and animals

Question 32

epiphytes

Answer 32

specialised root adaptations (absorb water and nutrients from air and organic matter accumulated on host surfaces) flexible growth habits ecological niche

Question 33

vines

Answer 33

climbing mechanisms and abilities and they are super flexible as well large leaves that easily catch the sunlight or small ones that reduce water loss they easily allocate resources

Question 34

lianas

Answer 34

they grow extremely fast they have long stems they can alter their growth accordingly to the conditions storring resources in specialised tissues uses trees and other means pf vertical support to climb up to the canopy to seek sunlight

Question 35

allelopathy

Answer 35

when a plant releases chemicals from its roots leaves of flowers to stop other plants from growing nearby

Question 36

large surface area THA FYCK

Answer 36

they can catch and absorb waaay more sunlight, easier to regulate remperature easoer to make photosynthesis happen ig??

Question 37

shade tolerance co

Answer 37

contains more chlorophyll (easier for photosynthesis) maintaining optimal photosynthetic rates at lower light intensities

Question 38

difference between fundamental and realised niche

Answer 38

fundamental niche is the range of environmental conditions and resources in which a species can exist IN THE ABSENCE OF OTHER SPECIES it is a potential habitat based solely on its physiological capabilities and tolerance limits realised niche is the actual range of environmental factors and conditions under which a species can survive considering the fact that there are other species like existing there and all