Ecosystems Flashcards
(21 cards)
Define habitat
Where an organism lives
Define population
Each individual organism of a population of the same species
Define community
All of the population of a different species living in an area
Define ecosystem
Made up of a community of organsims interacting with the non-living and living elements in their environment
Competition between the same species is called what
Intraspecific competition
Competition between different species is called what
Interspecific competition
What do plants compete for
Light
Space
Minerals ions / nutrients
Water
What do animals compete for
Food
Territory
Water Mates
Biotic ?
Abiotic ?
Living
Non-living
Biotic factors that affect a community
Availability of food
New predators
New pathogens / diseases
A species outcompeting another so numbers are no longer sufficient to breed
Abiotic factors affecting a community are
Light intensity
Temperature
Moisture levels
Soil pH and mineral content
Wind intensity and direction
Carbon dioxide levels for plants
Oxygen levels for aquatics
Food chains are divided into what
Trophic levels
What are the 4 trophic levels
Trophic level 1 - producers
Trophic level 2 - primary consumers
Trophic level 3 - secondary consumers
Trophic level 4 - tertiary consumers
What is biomass
Mass of the organic material that makes up a living or recently deceased organism
What is interdependence
4 examples
Within a community each species depends on each other for food, shelter, pollination, seed dispersal
What is interdepdance shown in
Food webs
What are the 3 types of adaptations
Structural
Behavioural
Functional
What are structural adaptations
Changes to an organsims body structure - eg shape/colour
What are behavioural adaptations
Chnages in how an organism behaves - eg migration patterns, hibernation
What are functional adaptations
Internal changes within an organisms body - eg ability to produce very small amounts of urine
What are organisms that live in extreme environments called
Give some examples
Extremophiles
examples of environment-
high temperature
high pressure
high salt concentration
