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Ecosystems Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Niche

A

Comfortable or suitable position in the environment

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2
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living organisms

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3
Q

Biotic

A

Living organisms

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4
Q

Ecosystems

A

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

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5
Q

Parasite

A

an organism which lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other’s expense

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6
Q

Mutualism

A

the doctrine that mutual dependence is necessary to social well-being

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7
Q

Commensalism

A

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm

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8
Q

Predator

A

an animal that naturally preys on others

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9
Q

Prey

A

an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food

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10
Q

Host

A

An organism which lives in or on another organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the others expense

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11
Q

Symbiosis

A

A close relationship between two organisms of different kinds which benefits both organisms

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12
Q

Mutualism

A

A relationship between two species of organisms in which both benefit from the association

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13
Q

Parasitism

A

Relationship between two species of organisms in which one benefits at the expense of the other,sometimes without killing the host organism

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14
Q

Commensalism

A

Relationship between two organisms in which one benefits and then other derives neither benefit or harm

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15
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light

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16
Q

Food chains

A

diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another

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17
Q

Food web

A

diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food

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18
Q

Trophies level

A

a level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid

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19
Q

First order

A

organism that is within the second trophic level of a food chain (herbivores); also known as a primary consumer

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20
Q

Second order

A

organism that is within the third trophic level of a food chain (carnivores); also known as a secondary consumer

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21
Q

Energy pyramid

A

a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain

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22
Q

Pyramid of numbers

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A

a representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain

23
Q

Pyramid of biomass

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A

a representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain

24
Q

Birth rate

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A

the number of organisms within a population that are born within a particular period of time

25
Death rate
the number of organisms within a population that die within a particular period of time
26
Immigration
the number of individuals moving into an area
27
Emigration
the number of individuals leaving an area
28
Exponential growth
a rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph
29
Sigmoid
the shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau
30
Equilibrium
a state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase
31
Zero population growth
the point at which birth and death rates balance each other out
32
Carrying capacity
the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain
33
Producers
organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms
34
Autotrophs
organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms They eat themselves
35
Photosynthesis
the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.
36
Fat
an organic substance that is solid at room temperature and is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
37
Metabolism
the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells
38
Cellular Respiration
the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.
39
ATP
a form of energy released during cellular respiration that provides cells with the energy needed to perform their functions
40
Aerobic Respiration
the chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy
41
Glycolysis
process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released
42
Cytosol
the fluid found inside cells
43
Krebs cycle
part of the aerobic respiration process in which carbon dioxide and ATP (energy) are produced
44
Mitochondria
small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes
45
Anaerobic Respiration
the chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in cells and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.
46
Lactic acid
an end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate
47
Ethanol
an end product of anaerobic respiration in plants; a form of alcohol
48
Eutrophication
a form of water pollution involving an excess of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphorus, resulting in algal blooms and possible death of fish and other organisms
49
Insecticides
a chemical used to kill insects
50
Fungicides
a chemical used to kill fungal growth
51
Herbicides
a chemical used to kill unwanted plants (weeds)
52
Fumigants
a chemical used in the form of smoke or fumes, to kill pests
53
Bioaccumulation
magnification of concentrations of a substance such as a nonbiodegradable pesticide along the food chain; also known as biological magnification
54
Introduced species
an organism that has been released into an ecosystem in which it does not occur naturally

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