ECS Flashcards

Question

What is the preferred nominal voltage for portable hand lamps for general use on construction sites? A. 110 volts B. 150 volts C. 230 volts D. 400 volts

Answer 1

A. 110 volts | Work Equipment ## Footnote 110 volt reduced low voltage systems are strongly preferred for the supply to such equipment.

Answer 2

C. 110 volts | Work Equipment ## Footnote 110 volt reduced low voltage systems are strongly preferred for the supply to such equipment.

Answer 3

A. 50 volts | Work Equipment ## Footnote Where the environment is damp, or restricting and conductive, the magnitude of any electric shock will be higher than under normal conditions. Hand lamps in such locations should therefore be supplied from a SELV (separated extra-low voltage) system, i.e. having a maximum voltage of 50 volts and which is electrically separated from earth.

Answer 4

C2 [ T ] to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way: Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please! Please confine your use of the phone to business calls. By closing the infected farms we're hoping to confine the disease to the north of the region (= stop it from spreading to other areas). C2 [ T usually passive ] to keep someone closed in a place, often by force: The hostages had been confined for so long that they couldn't cope with the outside world. | word

Answer 5

B2 slightly wet, especially in a way that is not pleasant or comfortable: The grass is still damp. This shirt still feels a bit damp. It was a damp, misty morning. | word

Answer 6

C1 to limit the movements or actions of someone, or to limit something and reduce its size or prevent it from increasing: measures to restrict the sale of alcohol The government has restricted freedom of movement into and out of the country. Having small children really restricts your social life. | word

Answer 7

A conductive substance allows heat or electricity to travel through it: Aluminium is a conductive metal. A gas that has been ionised becomes highly conductive. | wordd

Answer 8

the large size or importance of something: They don't seem to grasp the magnitude of the problem.

Answer 9

A2 [ C ] a large group of people who have come together: A crowd of about 15,000 attended the concert.

Answer 10

separated extra-low voltage | word

Answer 11

C. Obtain a 110 V drill or a cordless one for the work | Work Equipment ## Footnote Electrical equipment must not be modified or operated at voltages other than their design voltage.

Answer 12

residual current device | word

Answer 13

B. Transformer | Work Equipment ## Footnote A transformer, usually coloured yellow, will transform 230 volts (mains voltage) down to a relatively safe 110 volts.

Answer 14

cable reel a round, wheel-shaped object on which sewing thread, fishing wire, film, etc. can be rolled, or the amount of thread, etc. stored on one of these

Answer 15

B1 to stop something from happening or someone from doing something: Label your suitcases to prevent confusion. [ + -ing verb ] His disability prevents him (from) driving.

Answer 16

C. Do not exceed the reeled or unreeled rating as appropriate | Work Equipment ## Footnote The rating of a partially unreeled extension cable is much lower than when fully unreeled. Overheating of the cable will occur if the rating is exceeded. Care should also be taken to prevent extension cables becoming a tripping hazard.

Answer 17

A2 [ C ] a journey in which you go somewhere, usually for a short time, and come back again: an occasion when you knock your foot against something and fall or lose your balance, or someone causes you to do this, when you are walking or running: She broke her ankle when she had a nasty trip on the stairs. tripping hazard

Answer 18

B2 suitable or right for a particular situation or occasion: appropriate footwear for the country appropriate for Is this film appropriate for small children? I didn't think his comments were very appropriate at the time. Is this an appropriate occasion to discuss finance? Please complete the appropriate parts of this form (= the parts that are right or necessary for your particular situation) and return it as soon as possible.

Answer 19

a length of rope, hair, or wire, arranged into a series of circles, one above or outside the other: A coil of rope lay on the beach. A coil of thick blue smoke rose up from his pipe. uncoil cable

Answer 20

B. Place a rubber protection ramp over it and put up a sign stating Ramp Ahead | Work Equipment ## Footnote It is essential that the cable is protected from damage caused by passing traffic. A sign will warn road traffic of the ramp.

Answer 21

B2 [ U ] an elastic substance (= that stretches) made either from the juice of particular tropical trees or artificially: Tyres are almost always made of rubber.

Answer 22

D. Trained and competent | Work Equipment ## Footnote There are no general age restrictions in legislation relating to the use of work equipment. Any person using work equipment. however, must be competent to do so, which will require initial and refresher training.

Answer 23

C1 able to do something well: a competent secretary/rider/cook I wouldn't say he was brilliant but he is competent at his job. having the skills or knowledge to do something well enough to meet a basic standard: [ + to infinitive ] All we want is someone competent to manage the staff.

Answer 24

C. Not use the tool until a proper guard has been fitted | Work Equipment ## Footnote Visual checks should be carried out before using equipment. Any faults should be reported immediately and rectified before use.

Answer 25

C1 formal to correct something or make something right: I am determined to take whatever action is necessary to rectify the situation. Every effort is made to rectify any errors/mistakes before the book is printed. rectified before use.

Answer 26

B1 [ before noun ] real, satisfactory, suitable, or correct: This is Sara's first proper job - she usually does temporary work just for the money. If you're going to walk long distances you need proper walking boots. I would have done the job myself but I didn't have the proper equipment. I've had sandwiches but I haven't eaten a proper meal. She likes everything to be in its proper place. proper guard

Answer 27

B1 [ C ] a person or group of people whose job is to protect a person, place, or thing from danger or attack, or to prevent a person such as a criminal from escaping security guards post a guard There are guards posted (= standing and watching) at every entrance. prison guard Prison guards managed to prevent more than 50 prisoners from escaping. armed guard Armed guards are posted around the site. border guard The frontier is patrolled by border guards.

Answer 28

D. All of the hazards mentioned | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote There can be a range of hazards associated with confined spaces, and these can include all of those mentioned.

Answer 29

C1 to connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else: associate sth with Most people associate this brand with good quality. someone who is closely connected to another person as a companion, friend, or business partner: A close associate of the author denied reports that she had cancer. business associate Mr. Shelton had a meeting that afternoon with a business associate. | word

Answer 30

enough for a particular purpose: **sufficient for** This recipe should be sufficient for five people. **sufficient evidence/time/funds/etc**. to It was thought that he'd committed the crime but there wasn't sufficient evidence to convict him.

Answer 31

A breathable atmosphere is one that is suitable for humans to breathe. Breathable fabrics for clothes allow air to pass through them. : We produce breathable clothing that is designed for intense activity.

Answer 32

the movement of fresh air around a closed space, or the system that does this: Her room had poor ventilation and in summer it became unbearably stuffy. a ventilation system

Answer 33

a substance that can make people or animals ill or kill them if they eat or drink it: The pest control officer put bowls of rat poison in the attic. Her drink had been laced with a deadly poison.

Answer 34

B2 very harmful and able to cause illness or death: poisonous chemicals Can you tell the difference between poisonous mushrooms and edible varieties?

Answer 35

consider verb (POSSIBILITY) Add to word list B1 [ I or T ] to spend time thinking about a possibility or making a decision: Don't make any decisions before you've considered the situation. [ + question word ] Have you considered what you'll do if you don't get the job? [ + -ing verb ] We're considering selling the house. be considered for She's being considered for the job. I'd like some time to consider before I make a decision.

Answer 36

carry verb (TRANSPORT) Add to word list A1 [ I or T ] to hold something or someone with your hands, arms, or on your back and transport it, him, or her from one place to another: Would you like me to carry your bag for you? She carried her tired child upstairs to bed. These books are too heavy for me to carry. We only had a small suitcase, so we were able to carry it onto the plane. Robson injured his leg in the second half of the match and had to be carried off.

Answer 37

occur verb (HAPPEN) Add to word list B2 [ I ] (especially of accidents and other unexpected events) to happen: An accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the east-bound lane. If any of these symptoms occur while you are taking the medication, consult your doctor immediately.

Answer 38

D. Can the work be done from the outside | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote Working outside will remove the risks of working in the confined space.

Answer 39

a large pipe, usually underground, that is used for carrying waste water and human waste away from buildings to a place where they can be safely got rid of: a sewer pipe A complicated system of sewers runs under the city.

Answer 40

D. Build-up of harmful gases | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote Sewer gases can be inflammable and suffocating.

Answer 41

suffocating adjective (NO AIR) Add to word list informal Something that is suffocating makes you feel uncomfortably hot or unable to breathe: I've got to open the window - it's suffocating in here! suffocating smoke/fumes

Answer 42

inflammable adjective (FIRE) Add to word list An inflammable substance or material burns very easily: a highly inflammable liquid such as petrol

Answer 43

determine verb (DECIDE) C1 [ T often passive ] to control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen: The number of staff we can take on will be determined by how much money we're allowed to spend. Your health is determined in part by what you eat. Eye colour is genetically determined. [ + question word ] formal Officials will determine whether or not the game will be played. People should be allowed to determine their own future.

Answer 44

the act of removing earth that is covering very old objects buried in the ground in order to discover things about the past: **excavation of **Three skulls and one full skeleton were discovered during the excavation of an Egyptian tomb. She has taken part in several excavations of Roman settlements across Europe. **archaeological excavation** The archaeological excavation has uncovered the actual site of the temple.

Answer 45

C2 [ I or T ] to smell something by taking air in through your nose: He sniffed his socks to see if they needed washing. Dogs love sniffing each other. She sniffed at her glass of wine before tasting it. Dogs are sometimes used at airports to sniff out (= find by smelling) drugs in people's luggage. He was expelled from school for sniffing glue (= taking in the gas from glue because of the feelings of pleasure that this gives).

Answer 46

B. Using a gas detector | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote Use a suitable detector. Many dangerous gases have no smell and cannot be seen. Workers can be overcome in seconds in dangerous atmospheres.

Answer 47

A. Inspected by a competent person | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote Excavation work is hazardous. A competent person, knowledgeable about how to reduce risks, notably from collapse of the walls, must inspect the excavation first.

Answer 48

C1 especially or most importantly: The company is beginning to attract investors, most notably big Japanese banks. to an important degree, or in a way that can or should be noticed: The newspapers are notably biased.

Answer 49

collapse verb (FALL) Add to word list B2 [ I ] to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support: Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake. collapse under someone's/something's weight The chair collapsed under her weight. figurative He thought his whole world had collapsed when his wife died.

Answer 50

B. To help ensure a safe system of work | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote A permit to work is a written system used to control certain types of hazardous work. They allow work to start only when site procedures have been clarified.

Answer 51

the beginning of something: Would passengers please turn off their mobile phones before the commencement of the flight.

Answer 52

certain adjective (WITHOUT DOUBT) B1 having no doubt or knowing exactly that something is true, or known to be true, correct, exact, or effective: [ + (that) ] Are you absolutely certain (that) you gave them the right number? feel certain I feel certain (that) you're doing the right thing. make certain You should make certain (that) everyone understands the instructions. seem certain The police seem certain (that) they will find the people responsible for the attack. [ + question word ] I'm not certain how much it will cost. certain about He was quite certain about his attacker's identity. certain of I've never been more certain of anything in my whole life. One thing is certain - she won't resign willingly.

Answer 53

clarify verb [T] (EXPLAIN) Add to word list C1 to make something clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler explanation: Could you clarify the first point please? I don't understand it completely. The position of all shareholders will be clarified next month when we finalize our proposals.

Answer 54

D. They are inexperienced and may not recognise danger | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote Health and Safety guidance lists young people as often being at particular risk , due to their lack of practical experience.

Answer 55

C2 a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament: [ + to infinitive ] The government has promised to introduce legislation to limit fuel emissions from cars.

Answer 56

lack of something Add to word list B1 the fact that something is not available or that there is not enough of it: lack of confidence Her only problem is a lack of confidence.

Answer 57

C. Do not enter the manhole until a rescue plan and rescue equipment are in place | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote A rescue plan must be in place before anyone enters a confined space. This is one of the requirements of the Confined Spaces Regulations 1997.

Answer 58

a covered opening in a road that a worker can enter in order to reach underground pipes, wires, or drains that need to be examined or repaired: rogar kapagi

Answer 59

to help someone or something out of a dangerous, harmful, or unpleasant situation: rescue someone/something from something The lifeboat rescued the sailors from the sinking boat. The government has refused to rescue the company from bankruptcy.

Answer 60

A. Tell your supervisor that you will need RPE, and if necessary, training in confined space working | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote An employer must provide all necessary personal protective equipment and respiratory protective equipment when an employee is required to enter a confined space. This is one of the requirements of the Confined Spaces Regulations 1997.

Answer 61

relating to breathing: Smoking can cause respiratory diseases.

Answer 62

B2 physical or other injury or damage: Both deny conspiring to cause actual bodily harm. do something harm A mistake like that will do his credibility a lot of harm. do someone harm Missing a meal once in a while never did anyone any harm. (there's) no harm in You could always ask Jim if they need any more staff in his office - (there's) no harm in asking (= no one will be annoyed and you might benefit). mean no harm She meant no harm (= did not intend to offend) - she was only joking. come to harm She was frightened by the experience but she came to no harm (= was not hurt). causing harm: harmful to This group of chemicals is known to be harmful to people with asthma.

Answer 63

B. There is a buried electrical cable and further excavation must be carried out with care ## Footnote B. There is a buried electrical cable and further excavation must be carried out with care

Answer 64

a narrow hole that is dug into the ground: A workman was killed when the sides of the trench he was working in collapsed.

Answer 65

dig verb (MOVE SOIL) Add to word list B1 [ I or T ] to break up and move soil using a tool, a machine, or your hands: Digging (in) the garden is good exercise.

Answer 66

B2 [ C or U ] the material on the surface of the ground in which plants grow: light/heavy/fertile soil sandy or chalky soils tarla

Answer 67

C1 to discover something secret or hidden : The investigation uncovered evidence of a large-scale illegal trade in wild birds. The biography is an attempt to uncover the inner man.

Answer 68

B2 [ S ] the fact that someone or something is in a place: She was overawed by the presence of so many people. The presence of pollen in the atmosphere causes hay fever in some people. He's usually quite polite in my presence. The document was signed in the presence of two witnesses.

Answer 69

poisonous or not pure: contaminated with The infection was probably caused by swimming in water contaminated with sewage. contaminated water People need to stop drinking the contaminated water. The virus can be transmitted by food containing contaminated meat.

Answer 70

B. A competent person after training | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote Equipment used to locate buried services must only be used by people who have been trained to use it.

Answer 71

C. Hand digging | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote Hand-held power tools and mechanical excavators should not be used too close to underground services and hand digging should be carried out with care.

Answer 72

a tool for breaking hard surfaces, with a long wooden handle and a curved metal bar with a sharp point el kazmasi

Answer 73

D. Whenever work areas will be near or beneath the lines | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote Actual contact with a power line is not necessary to result in an electric shock as a close approach may allow flashover to occur. HSE publication GS6 gives advice on procedures to avoid such danger.

Answer 74

crane noun [C] (MACHINE) Add to word list a tall metal structure with a long horizontal part, used for lifting and moving heavy objects: The crane lifted the container off the ship. picture of crane

Answer 75

bare adjective (NO CLOTHES) Add to word list B2 without any clothes or not covered by anything: Don't walk around outside in your bare feet. There's no carpet in the room, just bare floorboards.

Answer 76

A. Make sure someone responsible knows where you are | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote Employees should adhere to safe working arrangements put in place by their employer. When working alone, such arrangements should include informing a responsible person of your location periodically.

Answer 77

C. Tell your supervisor about the danger | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote Pedestrian routes should have been set up to keep people and vehicles apart, so inform your employer if the system is not working. Don't hitch rides on vehicles unless safe seating is provided.

Answer 78

[ I or T ] to avoid being hit by something by moving quickly to one side: He dodged to avoid the hurtling bicycle. [ T ] to avoid something unpleasant: The Senator dodged questions about his relationship with the actress.

Answer 79

B1 [ C ] the outer or furthest point of something: edge of He put pink icing around the edge of the cake. They built the church on the edge of the village. A man was standing at the water's edge with a small boy. I caught (= hit) my leg on the edge of the table as I walked past.

Answer 80

C. If it is designed to carry passengers | Special Site Hazards ## Footnote Don't hitch rides on vehicles unless safe seating is provided.

Answer 81

plant noun (BUILDING/MACHINES) [ U ] machines used in industry: The industry was accused of having invested little in workers, plant, or infrastructure.

Answer 82

A1 [ I or T ] to sit on something such as a bicycle, motorbike, or horse and travel along on it controlling its movements: I learned to ride a bike when I was six. I ride my moped to work. ride on I ride to work on my moped. ride by/past The hunters came riding by/past on their horses. [ I ] to ride a horse: Can you ride? Their daughter is learning to ride. He rides well/badly.

Answer 83

in accordance with a rule, law, wish, etc. C1 following or obeying a rule, law, wish, etc.: In accordance with her wishes, she was buried in France.

Answer 84

B2 used to mention a particular condition or fact about something, usually a disadvantage: Considering the weather, we got here pretty quickly. I was impressed that she found the way here, considering she'd only been here once before.

Answer 85

A. Carry out a risk assessment | Electrotechnical ## Footnote To identify and assess the risks involved and the methods of controlling them.

Answer 86

A. Dead working | Electrotechnical ## Footnote Dead working should be considered as the norm and work on or near live conductors should rarely be permitted.

Answer 87

conductor noun [C] (SUBSTANCE) a substance that allows heat or electricity to go through it: Metal is a good conductor of heat. conductor noun [C] (MUSIC) Add to word list B2 someone who directs the performance of musicians or a piece of music: The conductor raised his baton. a guest conductor

Answer 88

B1 not often: We rarely see each other now. I rarely have time to read a newspaper. formal Rarely have I seen such a beautiful sunset.

Answer 89

D. Have insulated test probes | Electrotechnical ## Footnote To protect the user from electric shock whilst using the instrument. i.e. handling the probes.

Answer 90

C. Only to be allowed in exceptional circumstances | Electrotechnical ## Footnote Extra controls must be employed, including training, supervision and use of suitable tools and protective equipment.

Answer 91

B2 [ C usually plural ] a fact or event that makes a situation the way it is: under the circumstances I think she coped very well under the circumstances. Obviously we can't deal with the problem until we know all the circumstances. suspicious circumstances She died in suspicious circumstances. in any circumstances We oppose capital punishment in any circumstances. under any circumstances We will not quit under any circumstances. under no circumstances Under no circumstances should you (= you should not) approach the man. circumstances beyond someone's control The meeting has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control.

Answer 92

D. None of the options listed | Electrotechnical ## Footnote A fuse is often the main safety device in an electrical circuit. A blown fuse must only be replaced by a fuse of the correct type and rating.

Answer 93

fuse noun [C] (SAFETY PART) Add to word list a small safety part in an electrical device or piece of machinery that causes it to stop working if the electric current is too high, and so prevents fires or other dangers: blow a fuse My hairdryer's stopped working - I think the fuse has blown (= broken). change a fuse Have you tried changing the fuse?

Answer 94

nail noun [C] (METAL) Add to word list B2 a small, thin piece of metal with one pointed end and one flat end that you hit into something with a hammer, especially in order to fasten or join it to something else: a three-inch nail I stepped on a nail sticking out of the floorboards. hammer a nail Hammer a nail into the wall and we'll hang the mirror from it.

Answer 95

wire noun (METAL THREAD) Add to word list B2 [ C or U ] a piece of thin metal thread that can be bent, used for fastening things and for making particular types of objects that are strong but can bend: a wire fence

Answer 96

to move and make currents of air, or to be moved or make something move on a current of air: blow away The letter blew away and I had to run after it. blow something down A gale-force wind had blown the fence down . The wind was blowing harder every minute. I blew the dust off the books. I wish you wouldn't blow smoke in my face. If an electrical fuse (= a short, thin piece of wire) blows, or if something electrical blows a fuse, the device it is in stops working because it is receiving too much electricity: My microwave has stopped working - I think the fuse has blown. blow a fuse She switched on the light and blew all the fuses in the house.

Answer 97

C. Check that the voltage detector is working on a proving device, known live source or in built test feature | Electrotechnical ## Footnote This will prove that that the voltage detector (such as a two-pole voltage detector or proprietary test lamp) is working, i.e. indicating voltage.

Answer 98

A. 230 volts | Electrotechnical ## Footnote This is the nominal voltage for public electricity supply systems within Europe.

Answer 99

B. When it is unreasonable in all circumstances for the equipment to be made dead and suitable precautions are taken | Electrotechnical ## Footnote This is a requirement under r.14 of the EAW Regulations. However, it does not mean that live working is then safe.

Answer 100

B. The person carrying out the work is issued with insulating gloves | Electrotechnical ## Footnote Safe isolation practice refers to dead working. The use of insulating gloves will generally only be applicable to live working.

Answer 101

the act of covering something to stop heat, sound, or electricity from escaping or entering, or the fact that something is covered in this way: insulation against The animal's thick fur provides very good insulation against the arctic cold. material that is used to stop heat, sound, or electricity from escaping or entering: roof insulation Glass fibre is often used as roof insulation.

Answer 102

prove verb (SHOW) Add to word list B2 [ T, L ] to show a particular result after a period of time: The operation proved a complete success. The dispute over the song rights proved impossible to resolve. [ L (+ to be) ] The new treatment has proved to be a disaster. prove yourself C2 to show that you are good at something: I wish he'd stop trying to prove himself all the time.

Answer 103

B. Burns and cardiac arrest | Electrotechnical

Answer 104

of the heart or heart disease: cardiac disease The patient had a history of cardiac disease. cardiac muscle The doctors diagnosed damage to the cardiac muscle. cardiac arrest The patient suffered a cardiac arrest and died, despite an attempt at resuscitation.

Answer 105

If the police arrest someone, they take them away to ask them about a crime that they might have committed: He was arrested when customs officers found drugs in his bag. arrest someone for something The police arrested her for drinking and driving.

Answer 106

D. Milliamps | Electrotechnical ## Footnote Research has shown that a person is in serious danger of a fatal electric shock at. or above, approximately 30 milliamps.

Answer 107

C. A 30 mA Residual Current Device (RCD) should prevent a person receiving a fatal electric shock | Electrotechnical ## Footnote An RCD is a mechanical switching device intended to cause the opening of the contacts when the residual current attains a given value under specified conditions.

Answer 108

to put a new system of electric wires into a building or machine: You really should have the whole house rewired - the existing wiring isn't safe.

Answer 109

D. Residual current device (RCD) | Electrotechnical ## Footnote Reduced low voltage systems (e.g. 110 volt centre point earthed) are strongly preferred in such circumstances. Where only mains voltage (230 V) equipment is available, however, a 30 mA RCD will give additional protection against fatal electric shock.

Answer 110

Yellow | Electrotechnical ## Footnote Yellow is the usual colour of cables, socket outlets, plugs and transformers etc which are used with a 110 volt supply.

Answer 111

A. Use a suitable device such as a circuit breaker | Electrotechnical ## Footnote Isolating the whole installation or distribution board is the safest method.

Answer 112

C. Cut off the power and call for help | Electrotechnical ## Footnote If you can switch the power off, the electric hazard will be removed. First aid assistance will then probably be required. Do not touch someone who is still in contact with live electrical cables as you could also receive an electric shock.

Answer 113

B. Earth fault | Electrotechnical ## Footnote An RCD provides additional protection against the risk of electric shock.

Answer 114

yildirim dusmesi

Answer 115

| Electrotechnical ## Footnote Three monthly inspections of construction site installations are recommended in IET Guidance Note 3.

Answer 116

C. 50 | Electrotechnical ## Footnote Regarded as a non-fatal voltage level.

Answer 117

C2 to be strong enough, or not be changed by something, or to oppose a person or thing successfully: a bridge designed to withstand earthquakes Our toys are designed to withstand the rough treatment of the average five-year-old. The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to withstand ground and air attacks. She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time (= it will still be popular in the future)

Answer 118

D | Electrotechnical ## Footnote The features which make electricity so dangerous are that you cannot see, hear or smell it. It can give you a very unpleasant surprise. Always assume that cables are live.

Answer 119

B1 not enjoyable or pleasant: an unpleasant surprise the unpleasant truth C1 [ after verb ] rude and angry: When we complained, the waiter got very unpleasant with us.

Answer 120

assume verb [T] (ACCEPT) Add to word list B2 to accept something to be true without question or proof: We mustn't assume the suspects' guilt. [ + (that) ] I assumed (that) you knew each other because you went to the same school. Let's assume that they're coming and make plans on that basis. [ + to infinitive ] We can't assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they've decided to remain silent.

Answer 121

C | Electrotechnical ## Footnote Contact with live electrical parts can be fatal. If you do not know otherwise, always assume that electrical parts are live.

Answer 122

C | Electrotechnical ## Footnote You must always assume that exposed cables are live until you know they are not. Contact with live electrical cables can kill.

Answer 123

B1 If an activity, situation, etc. involves something, that thing is a part of the activity, etc.: Research involving the use of biological warfare agents will be used for defensive purposes. [ + -ing verb ] The operation involves putting a small tube into your heart.

Answer 124

B1 to go with someone or to be provided or exist at the same time as something: accompanied by The course books are accompanied by four CDs. Depression is almost always accompanied by insomnia. The salmon was accompanied by (= served with) a fresh green salad.

Answer 125

crossed adjective (BODY PART) Add to word list (of someone's arms, legs, or fingers) in a position where one arm, etc. is placed over the other one: He just sat at the table with crossed arms and refused to eat. The children all sit on the floor with legs crossed. Her legs were crossed at the ankles.

Answer 126

D ## Footnote Permits to work describe the procedures that prevent a major hazard, such as electricity or moving machinery, from causing harm, usually by isolation to effectively ensure (in the case of electricity) dead working with no chance of it going live.

Answer 127

C | Electrotechnical ## Footnote In addition, to protect against damage by overcurrent whilst in use, the probes or instrument should incorporate suitable high breaking capacity (hbc) fuses with a low current rating (usually not exceeding 500 mA). or current-limiting resistors.

Answer 128

to try to discover information that other people do not want you to know, by asking questions carefully and not directly: The interviewer probed deep into her private life. Detectives questioned him for hours, probing for any inconsistencies in his story. The article probes (= tries to describe and explain) the mysteries of nationalism in modern Europe.

Answer 129

Overcurrent refers to a situation where the electrical current flowing through a conductor or device exceeds its rated capacity. This can lead to overheating, damage to equipment, and potential hazards like fires. Overcurrent protection devices, like fuses and circuit breakers, are used to prevent these issues.

Answer 130

a part of an electrical circuit designed to produce a particular amount of resistance to the flow of current

Answer 131

A | Electrotechnical ## Footnote The EAW Regulations impose duties on employers, employees and the self employed.

Answer 132

duty noun [C or U] (RESPONSIBILITY) Add to word list B1 something that you have to do because it is part of your job, or something that you feel is the right thing to do: The duty of the agency is to act in the best interests of the child. [ + to infinitive ] I felt it was my duty to tell them the truth. duty to You have a duty to yourself to take a break once in a while. out of duty He only went to see her out of duty (= because he thought he should). report for duty You should report for duty (= arrive at work) at 8 a.m. on Monday. off/on duty What time are you off/on duty (= when do you finish/start work) tomorrow?

Answer 133

A | Electrotechnical ## Footnote Competency is a requirement of r.16 of the EAW Regulations.

Answer 134

an important skill that is needed to do a job: managerial competencies

Answer 135

C | Electrotechnical ## Footnote The EAW Regulations cover the safe use of electricity in work activities, irrespective of voltage.

Answer 136

the act of officially not allowing something, or an order that does this: New York City has announced a prohibition on smoking on buses. The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition against the hunting of whales. It's my feeling that the money spent on drug prohibition would be better spent on information and education.

Answer 137

adjust verb (MAKE CHANGES) Add to word list B2 [ T ] to change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable: If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you. As a teacher you have to adjust your methods to suit the needs of slower children.

ECS Flashcards

The Electrotechnical Certification Scheme (ECS) (164 cards)