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General Parasitology > Ectoparasites 4 > Flashcards

Ectoparasites 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is myiasis?

A

parasitic infection of the body of a live animal by fly larvae

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2
Q

what species cause wool strike in sheep?

A

Lucilia cuprina
Lucilia sericata

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3
Q

what are the predisposing factors of wool strike in sheep?

A

soiled wool
heavy rain
high humidity, high temperature
skin folds

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4
Q

what families take part in myiasis?

A

Calliphoridae
Sarcophagidae

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5
Q

what are the distribution patterns in wool strike in sheep?

A

perineum, genitalia: urine, feces, breeding, lambing
head: butting
feet: foot rot
flanks, ventral neck, withers: fleece rot after heavy rain

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6
Q

how do you treat wool strike?

A

clip soiled wool
wound management and removal of larvae
drug depending on species
preventative measures

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7
Q

what are some drug options for wool strike?

A

dips/plunges/sprays/jetting with organophosphates
insect growth regulators
SC avermectins: less effective

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8
Q

when is fly strike in rabbits with moist dermatitis most prevalent?

A

summer in temperate climate

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9
Q

what are some predisposing factors for fly strike in rabbits with moist dermatitis?

A

husbandry
outdoor or mixed outdoor/indoor
dental diseases
obesity
diarrhea
urinary tract diseases

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10
Q

how is fly strike in rabbits/dogs/cats treated?

A

clipping, mechanical removal of larvae
wound management
supportive care
topical antibiotics
systemic antibiotics
subcutaneous avermectins
Nitenpyram (capstar)
address underlying condition

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11
Q

are bots and grubs species-specific?

A

yes

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12
Q

what species are cattle grubs?

A

Hypoderma bovis
Hypoderma lineatum

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13
Q

what is the veterinary relevance in economic losses of cattle grubs?

A

decreased milk production
weight loss
depreciation value carcass

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14
Q

how are cattle grubs treated?

A

mechanical removal
drug
pour-on avermectins or organophosphates

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15
Q

what causes cuterebriasis?

A

Cuterebra spp

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16
Q

what are the hosts of Cuterebra spp?

A

obligate: rodents and lagomorphs
accidental: dogs, cats, humans

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17
Q

what are the mechanisms that Cuterebra spp use?

A

tissue damage and secondary infections
ectopic or aberrant larva migrans
anaphylactic reactions

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18
Q

what can larva migrans cause with Cuterebra spp?

A

ischemic encephalopathy in cats
neurologic abnormalities
ocular diseases

19
Q

how are Cuterebra spp treated?

A

mechanical removal

20
Q

what causes nematode dermatitis in bovine?

A

Stephanofilariasis

21
Q

what is the vector of Stephanofilariasis?

A

Hematobia irritans: fly

22
Q

what does Stephanofilariasis cause?

A

variable pruritus
papulocrustous dermatitis

23
Q

what causes nematode dermatitis in dogs/bovine?

A

Pelodera strongyloides

24
Q

how do dogs, cattle, swine, horses, rodents, humans get infected with Pelodera strongyloides?

A

L3 invade skin
direct contact

25
Q

how is Pelodera strongyloides diagnosed?

A

skin scrapings or hair plucking
skin biopsy

26
Q

what is the treatment for nematode dermatitis?

A

clean environment
avermectins

27
Q

what families cause myiasis?

A

calliphoridae: blowflies
sarcophagidae: flesh flies

28
Q

what parasites are in the calliphorida?

A

facultative: Lucilia cuprina
obligate: Cochliomyia hominivorax

29
Q

how many eggs can an adult female calliphoridae fly lay?

A

200

30
Q

what subfamilies are in the family oestridae?

A

oestrinae: sheep nasal bots
hypodermatinae: cattle grubs
cuterebrinae: rodent bot fly

31
Q

what is the veterinary relevance of cattle grubs in the mechanisms by which they cause problems?

A

irritation, excitability of adult flies
tissue damage: larva migrans and cysts
ectopic or aberrant larva migrans: brain
anaphylactic reactions

32
Q

what are the differentials for what stephanofilariasis causes?

A

pelodera
dermatophytosis
pyoderma
demodicosis
chorioptic mange
contact dermatitis

33
Q

how do you treat stephanofilariasis?

A

topical organophosphates
ivermectin

34
Q

how can parasites in myiasis be identified?

A

third-stage larvae
posterior spiracles

35
Q

what is the life cycle for wool strike in sheep?

A

10-21 days

36
Q

what preventative measures can be employed for wool strike?

A

tail amputation
clip lumbar/perigenital areas
Mules’ operation

37
Q

what is the most prevalent cause of death in rabbits?

A

myiasis
toxemia, sepsis follow

38
Q

who can you give nitenpyram (capstar) to?

A

dogs
cats
reptiles

39
Q

who do cattle grubs infect?

A

cattle
european deer
occasionally horses
humans
alpacas

40
Q

when should you use pour-on avermectins with bot flies?

A

after adult flies’ activity ceases to avoid neurological or gastrointestinal adverse effects due to larvicidal treatment

41
Q

is stephanofilariasis seasonal?

A

no

42
Q

what is the distribution and clinical signs of stephanofilariasis?

A

ventral distribution, face, neck
variable pruritis, papulocrustous dermatitis

43
Q

what are the clinical signs of Pelodera strongyloides?

A

variable pruritic
erythema, alopecia, scaling, crusting, pustules
ventral distribution

44
Q

how is Pelodera strongyloides treated?

A

avermectins
2 applications moxidectin/imidacloprid 2 weeks apart
clean environment

General Parasitology (17 decks)

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