eczema

Question 1

the outermost layer of skin on your body. It protects your body from harm, keeps your body hydrated, produces new skin cells and contains melanin, which determines the color of your skin.

Answer 1

epidermis

Question 2

the inner layer of the two main layers of the skin. The dermis has connective tissue, blood vessels, oil and sweat glands, nerves, hair follicles, and other structures. It is made up of a thin upper layer called the papillary dermis, and a thick lower layer called the reticular dermis.

Answer 2

dermis

Question 3

the bottom layer of skin in your body. It has many functions, including insulating your body, protecting your body from harm, storing energy and connecting your skin to your muscles and bones; also known as the hypodermis

Answer 3

subcutaneous tissue

Question 4

what are the main functions of the skin?

Answer 4

• protects underlying tissue
• temperature maintenance
• fluid and electrolyte balance
• absorption/excretion
• sensation
• immunity
• vitamin D synthesis
• persons identity and appearance

Question 5

what are some potential indications for significant illnesses

Answer 5

-moles/tattoos/hair tufts/birthmarks/warts
-unusual body odour
-rashes, drainage, bruising, edema

Question 6

this is a flat, distinct, discoloured area of skin that is usually less than 1cm wide with circumscribed borders. it usually does not include a change in skin texture or thickness. e.g. freckles, measles

Answer 6

macule

Question 7

this is larger than 1cm and may have irregular borders. e.g. chloasma, vitiligo, port-wine spots, Mongolian spots (which are usually in newborns)

Answer 7

patch

Question 8

this is an elevated solid palpable mass with circumscribed borders. less than 0.5cm. e.g. elevated moles, warts, lichen planus

Answer 8

papule

Question 9

this is a group of papules and are larger than 0.5cm. e.g. psoriasis, actinic ketosis and lichen planus

Answer 9

plaque

Question 10

these are elevated, fluid filled, round or oval shaped palpable mass with thin trans lucid walls with circumscribed borders. smaller than 0.5cm. e.g. herpres simplex/zoster, early chickenpox, poison ivy, small burn blisters

Answer 10

vesicles

Question 11

these are elevated, fluid filled, round or oval shaped mass with thin trans lucid walls and circumscribed borders. larger than 0.5cm,. e.g. contact dermatitis, friction blisters and large burn blisters

Answer 11

bullae

Question 12

a heterogenous group of disorders; similar in clinical and histopathologic findings. two types: acute (often appears vesicular) and chronic (often appears red, scaly and lichenified). pruritus is a common symptom of all types

Answer 12

dermatitis (eczema)

Question 13

an itchy rash caused by direct contact with a substance or an allergic reaction to it

Answer 13

contact dermatitis

Question 14

what are some common allergens of allergic contact dermatitis?

Answer 14

• poison ivy
• nickel, fragrances
• preservatives
• topical antibiotics
• black hair dye

Question 15

what are some common irritants of irritant contact dermatitis

Answer 15

• water
  -soap
• industrial cleaners
• friction

Question 16

this is the most common form of contact dermatitis. close to 80% of occupational contact dermatitis (e.g. nurses, factory workers). could be due to repeated exposure of water and soap, and solvents

Answer 16

irritant contact dermatitis

Question 17

what are the 2 predisposing conditions that may lead to dermatitis (eczema)?

Answer 17

1. atopic dermatitis - chronic disease that causes inflammation, redness and irritation of the skin
2. asteatotic dermatitis - common type of pruritic dermatitis characterized by dry, cracked skin that is inflamed

Question 18

what is the clinical presentation/symptoms if exposed to a weak irritant?

Answer 18

pruritus, pain and burning sensation that develops weeks after exposure

Question 19

what is the clinical presentation/synptoms if exposed to a strong irritant?

Answer 19

prutitis, pain and burning sensation that develops immediately after exposure

Question 20

what are the most common locations of contact dermatitis?

Answer 20

hands, forearms, eyelids, and face

Question 21

symptoms occurs within hours to days after alleged exposure and may persist for up to 3 weeks after allergen removal. intense pruritic rash at the site of contact Is characteristic.

Answer 21

allergic contact dermatitis

Question 22

what is the difference in clinical presentation of acute and chronic allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 22

acute presents as papules and vesicles on an erythematous base
chronic presents as xerosis, fissuring and lichenified plaques

Question 23

what are the three management steps of allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 23

1. identification of the allergen through patch testing
2. avoidance of the allergen
3. repair the normal skin barrier

Question 24

true/false: atopic dermatitis is more common in adults than children

Answer 24

false

Question 25

the ethology is multifactorial: combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers and/or exposures - genes associated with increased IgE levels or T lymphocyte activation - filaggrin deficiency - food allergy - susceptibility to staph. aureus, molluscum, herpres simplex virus, human papilloma virus

Answer 25

atopic dermatitis

Question 26

what is the clinical presentation of atopic dermatitis?

Answer 26

- complain of a rash and severe itching - excoriation (from scratching), red, scaly papules and plaques, serous drainages, crusts are common

Question 27

sometimes called “chicken skin,” is a common skin condition that causes patches of rough-feeling bumps to appear on the skin. These tiny bumps or pimples are actually dead skin cells plugging hair follicles. They sometimes appear red or brown in color. commonly found in shoulder areas

Answer 27

keratosis pilaris

Question 28

is atopic dermatitis usually found on flexor or extensor areas?

Answer 28

flexor

Question 29

true/false: most patients with atopic dermatitis improve with time, but a subset progresses to persistent skin disease and allergic rhinitis and/or asthma

Answer 29

true

Question 30

this is a common skin disorder. presents with "coin shaped" plaques on extremities. it is more common in older individuals and is often associated with dry skin

Answer 30

nummular dermatitis

Question 31

pathophysiology is unknown, but may be linked to impaired skin barrier function. the patient typically complains of an itchy rash on the extremities. physical exam: round, light pink, scaly, thin. 1 to 3 cm plaques on the extremities.

Answer 31

nummular dermatitis

Question 32

what is used to treat nummular dermatitis?

Answer 32

use of mid to high potency topical corticosteroids bid and mild soaps/moisturizers

Question 33

this is a common prutitic, vesicular skin disorder of the palms and soles. charcaterized by chronic, relapsing eruptions of vesicles. men and women are affected equally. looks like tapioca pudding

Answer 33

dyshidrotic dermatitis

Question 34

the cause is unknown. often exacerbated by stress and/or sweat

Answer 34

dyshidoritc dermatitis