Ed 216 ch4 Flashcards
Applying what we know about Children's Learning and Development (28 cards)
age related change that results from an interaction between biological and maturation in physical and/or social experience; development occurs as children grow, adapt, and change in response to various experience
development
a change in knowledge or skill that results from experience or instruction
LEARNING
an explanation of how information and observations are organized and relate to one another
THEORY
Ecological Systems Theory of Development that describes the diverse, interactive contexts that influence children’s development over time. Microsystems and Macrosystems.
Urie Brofenbrenner
Areas of human development and functioning that include cognitive, social, emotional, and physical.
DOMAINS OF DEVELOPMENT
Biological growth and acquisition of fine motor and gross motor skills.
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Thinking, intelligence, and language abilities.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
The ability to establish positive relationships with adults and peers, make friends, cooperate, and resolve conflicts.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
An assumption about or a tentative explanation for a phenomenon
HYPOTHESIS
times in life when the brain is most open to certain types of experiences
WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY
The ability to regulate and appropriately express feelings.
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Psychosocial Theory of Human Development- 8 Stages of personal and social development which each stage of life confronts a major challenge or crisis.
Erik Erikson
Sociocultural Theory that children learn from social interactions within a cultural context
Lev Vygotsky
Self actualization theory behavior and learning are motivated by a hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Theory of development (Arnold Gesell) that assumes that the sequence of changes in abilities and behavior is largely predetermined by children’s biological growth processes rather than by their experiences or learning.
MATURATIONIST
Abraham Maslow’s theory that behavior and learning are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, first being physical needs such as air, water, food, shelter.
SELF-ACTUALIZATION THEORY
The biggest threat to children’s developing brains, which occurs when children experience intense, frequent, and/or prolonged anxiety such as abuse, neglect, violence, or economic deprivation without adult support to help them cope
TOXIC STRESS
Cognitive Development theory - 4 stages birth to adulthood - sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages
Jean Piget
Behavioral learning theory - change in behavior that is controlled by the consequences, either positive or negative, that follow the behavior
BF Skinner
Social Cognitive theory - people can learn efficiently from observing the consequences of another person’s behavior
Albert Bandura
Learning Theory derived from the work of Jean Piaget; assumes that children actively build their knowledge from first hand experiences in stimulating environments, known as:
Constructivism
The organizing structures people use to think or guide behavior coined from Piaget.
SCHEMA
the distance between the actual developmental level an individual has achieved (their independent level of problem solving) and the level of potential development they could achieve with adult guidance or through collaboration with other children
ZPD
The assistance, guidance, and direction teachers provide children
SCAFFOLDING
