Ed Psych Exam 1 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is Learning?
A process that occurs when experience causes a relatively permanent change (deliberate or unintentional in an individuals’s knowledge or behavior
What Attracts Attention?
Size, Intensity, movement, novelty, incongruity, emotion, personal significance
Perception
Giving meaning to what we have paid attention to. It is affected by out past experiences and expectations
What are the sensory registers?
See, hear, taste, smell, touch
How big are the sensory registers and how long will it last?
Seemingly infinite, 1-4 seconds
What is Working Memory
Conscious thought, processing space
How much room is in working memory and how long does it last?
The working memory can fit about 7 pieces of information. It lasts about 20 seconds
How can we make information in working memory stay longer?
Maintenance Rehearsal. Example: memorizing numbers through chunking or other methods
Can we truly multi-task?
no. we are just switching back and forth between things and it makes things more dangerous
What is Automaticity in the working memory?
Practicing until it takes up less processing space
What does the Cognitive Load do?
Describes types of information in the working memory
What is the goal of the cognitive load?
Reduce extraneous and intrinsic load to maximize room for germane load
Extraneous Load
generate by manner in which information is presented to learners, design of instructional materials. Ex: show triangle to students, don’t just recite definition
Intrinsic Load
inherent difficulty associated with instructional materials and required prior knowledge ex: 2nd grade math vs. calculus. Can very over time as hard things become easier with learning
Germane Load
Load devoted to processing, construction, and automaticity. Need to redirect learners’ attention to cognitive processes that are directly relevant to solving the problem
What is the capacity of long term memory and how long does it last?
Unlimited capacity. Permanent?
What are the three ways of forgetting
Decay, interference, and failure to retrieve
What is encoding? What are the three types of encoding?
Storing information in Long Term Memory. Explicit/Declarative, Procedural, and Metacognitive knowledge
Explicit/Declarative Knowledge
Memories that can be consciously recalled such as facts, knowledge, experiences. Semantic: Facts, rules, strategies
Episodic: events or personal experiences
Procedural Knowledge
Knowledge governing how to do things. Ex: Tie shoes, brush teeth, drive car
Metacognitive Knowledge
Knowledge of our cognitive processing capabilities. Awareness of those processes in action.
What is a Schema? What is it’s purpose?
Set of information (can contain both semantic and episodic) that includes concepts, relationships, and procedures. It acts as a guide for what to expect, making decisions, and problem solving
Self-constructed Theories
(uses Explicit Knowledge)
General Understanding and belief systems that help us make sense of the world. Combine many schemata, used to make predictions and solve problems
Implicit/Procedural Knowledge
knowledge that we may not be aware we have. usually a series of steps, we may find it difficult to explain. Ex: riding a bike
