[EDA] Chapter 1

Question 1

science that deals with the collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

Two main division of statistics

Answer 2

Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Question 3

deals with procedures that organize, summarize, and describe quantitative data

Answer 3

Descriptive Statistics

Question 4

deals with making a judgment or a conclusion about a population based on the findings from a sample that is taken from a population

Answer 4

Inferential Statistics

Question 5

totality of objects, persons, places, things used in a particular study

Answer 5

population

Question 6

all members of a particular group of objects or people, which are subjects or respondents of a study

Answer 6

Population

Question 7

any subset of population or few members of a population

Answer 7

Sample

Question 8

facts, figures,, and information collected on some characteristics of a population or sample

Answer 8

Data

Question 9

data which are not organized in a specific way

Answer 9

Ungrouped (raw) Data

Question 10

They are simply the collection of data as they are gathered

Answer 10

Ungrouped (raw) Data

Question 11

raw data organized into groups or categories with corresponding frequencies

Answer 11

Grouped Data

Question 12

Organized in this manner, the data is referred to as frequency distribution

Answer 12

Grouped Data

Question 13

descriptive measure of a characteristic of a population

Answer 13

Parameter

Question 14

Measure of a characteristic of sample

Answer 14

Statistic

Question 15

Characteristic or property of a population or sample that may have a number of different values

Answer 15

Variable

Question 16

It differentiates a particular member from the rest of the group

Answer 16

Variable

Question 17

It is the characteristic or property that is measured, controlled, or manipulated in research. They differ in many respects, most notably in the role they are given in the research and in the type of measures that can be applied to them

Answer 17

Variablez

Question 18

first step in conducting statistical inquiry

Answer 18

Collection of Data (Data Collection)

Question 19

A systematic method of collecting and measuring data from different sources of information in order to provide answers to relevant questions

Answer 19

Data Gathering

Question 20

Person who conducts an inquiry

Answer 20

Investigator

Question 21

Person who helps in collecting information

Answer 21

Enumerator

Question 22

according to Wessel, it is data collected in the process of investigation

Answer 22

Primary Data

Question 23

It is collected by some other organization for their own use but the investigator also gets it for his use

Answer 23

Secondary Data

Question 24

According to M.M. Blair, they are those already in existence for some other purpose than answering the question in hand

Answer 24

Secondary Data

Question 25

In the field of engineering, what are the three basic methods of collecting data?

Answer 25

Retrospective Study, Observational Study, and Designed Experiment

Question 26

This data collection method would use the population or sample of the historical data which had been archived over some period of time

Answer 26

Retrospective Study

Question 27

In this data collection method, process or population is observed and disturbed as little as possible, and the quantities of interest are recorded

Answer 27

Observational Study

Question 28

In this data collection method, deliberate or purposeful changes in the controllable variables of the system or process is done

Answer 28

Designed Experiment

Question 29

a method of asking respondents some well-constructed questions

Answer 29

Survey

Question 30

It is an efficient way of collecting information and easy to administer wherein a wide variety of information can be collected

Answer 30

Survey

Question 31

It can be administered in large numbers and does not require many interviewers and there is less pressure on respondents.

Answer 31

Self-Administered Surveys

Question 32

process of selecting units

Answer 32

Sampling

Question 33

also called judgment or subjective sampling

Answer 33

non probability sampling

Question 34

This method of sampling is convenient and economical but the inferences made based on the findings are not so reliable

Answer 34

non-probability sampling

Question 35

Common types of non-probability sampling

Answer 35

Convenience, Purposive, and Quota Sampling

Question 36

In this sampling method, the researcher use a device in obtaining the information from the respondents which favors the researcher but can cause bias to the respondents

Answer 36

Convenience Sampling

Question 37

In this sampling method, the selection of respondents is predetermined according to the characteristic of interest made by the researcher. Randomization is absent in this type of sampling

Answer 37

Purposive Sampling

Question 38

in this sampling, the major characteristics of the population by sampling a proportional amount of each is represented

Answer 38

Proportional Quota Sampling

Question 39

In this sampling method, a minimum of sampled units in each category is specified and not concerned with having numbers that match the proportions in the population

Answer 39

Non-Proportional Quota Sampling

Question 40

in this sampling, each individual is chosen entirely by chance and each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample

Answer 40

Simple Random Sampling

Question 41

obtained by taking samples from each stratum or sub group of a population.

Answer 41

Stratified Sampling

Question 42

a sampling technique where the entire population is divided into groups or clusters and a random sample of these clusters are selected

Answer 42

Cluster

Question 43

a series of tests conducted in a systematic manner to increase the understanding of an existing process or to explore a new product or process

Answer 43

Experiment

Question 44

a tool to develop an experimentation strategy that maximizes learning using minimum resources

Answer 44

Design of Experiments (DOE)

Question 45

widely and extensively used by engineers and scientists in improving existing process through maximizing the yield and decreasing the variability or in developing new products and processes

Answer 45

Design of Experiments (DOE)

Question 46

5 stages to be carried out fo the design of experiments

Answer 46

Planning, screening, optimization robustness, and verification