Edema

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major pathologic or structural change of the lungs associated with cardiogenic pulmonary edema ?

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Question 2

Pulmonary edema

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Question 3

Direction of fluid movement in the lungs when pulmonary edema occurs

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Question 4

What happens to the interstitial spaces and alveolar walls during pulmonary edema?

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Question 5

What happens to the surface tension in the alveoli?

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Question 6

Summarize the major pathologic and structural changes associated with pulmonary edema.

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Question 7

Pulmonary edema hydrostatic pressure
ordinarily, hydrostatic pressure is about _________________ and tends to move fluid out of the pulmonary capillaries into the interstitial space. This force is normally offset by colloid osmotic forces.

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Question 8

to pulmonary edema-colloid osmotic pressure

The other name for colloid osmotic pressure is ?

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Question 9

Which of the following is the most unlikely cause of cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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Question 10

What is the normal range of hydrostatic pressure that moves fluid out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the interstitial space?

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Question 11

What is the normal range of colloid osmotic pressure (that opposes hydrostatic pressure )which tends to keep fluid in the pulmonary capillaries?

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Question 12

What is the other name for colloid osmotic pressure?

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Question 13

9. When a imbalance occurs between hydrostatic pressure and oncotic, pressure pulmonary edema will result.

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Question 14

describe the imbalance between these forces that results in pulmonary edema.For example, what is the most likely imbalance? Is it a decrease in oncotic pressure?

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Question 15

major causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

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Question 16

. pulmonary edema-breathing patterns (1.0 point)

Which of the following abnormal ventilatory patterns and findings are associated with cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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Question 17

11. List the path of physiologic mechanisms which cause an increased respiratory rate for patients with pulmonary edema.

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Question 18

definition of Cheyne-Stokes ventilation and be able to recognize the pattern. Make the connection between Cheyne-Stokes respiration and left-sided heart failure which is a common cause of pulmonary edema

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Question 19

pulmonary edema lung volumes and capacities (1.0 point)
Which of the following statements are correct regarding lung volume and capacity changes resulting from cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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Question 20

13. As pulmonary edema progresses what happens to the TLC, in VC, and FRC?

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Question 21

14. As pulmonary edema progresses what happens to the tidal volume Vt?

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Question 22

As pulmonary edema progresses what happens to the diffusion capacity?

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Question 23

16. Is cardiogenic pulmonary edema classified as they obstructive or a restricted disease?

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Question 24

pulmonary edema and ABGs (1.0 point)

Which of the following ABGs indicate that the patient has a more severe case of pulmonary edema?

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Question 25

Describe the blood gases of a patient with mild to moderate pulmonary edema

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Question 26

Describe the blood gases of a patient in severe pulmonary edema.

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Question 27

What is the normal shunt fraction Qs/Qt ?

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Question 28

How is the shunt fraction changed by pulmonary edema?

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Question 29

What is the formula for Total Oxygen Delivery (Do2 )?

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Question 30

How is total oxygen delivery (Do2 ) affected by pulmonary edema? What part of the equation is changed by pulmonary edema?

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Question 31

Why do patients with untreated cardiogenic pulmonary edema frequently present with cyanosis?

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Question 32

Define Cardiac Output (CO).

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Question 33

What is the formula for cardiac output?

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Question 34

Why do patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema frequently suffer from a decrease in cardiac output and how does that affect oxygen delivery Do2 ?

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Question 35

What is the normal pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)?

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Question 36

What is the normal range for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)?

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Question 37

27. What is the normal pulmonary artery pressure (PA).

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Question 38

28. Why do patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema frequently suffer from a elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PA), also known as pulmonary hypertension?

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Question 39

29. Define pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and describe how it is measured.

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Question 40

30. What is the normal range for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)?

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Question 41

31. How is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) changed by cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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Question 42

32. How can pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) used to monitor the progression of cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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Question 43

Patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema typically present with _______sputum.

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Question 44

33. Describe the cough and sputum of a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema

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Question 45

34. Describe the chest assessment findings of a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema

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Question 46

35. Are pleural effusions common and for patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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Question 47

36. Why did patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema experience the symptoms of " paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea"?

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Question 48

Which of the findings is NOT commonly found in a chest x-ray of a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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Question 49

37. List the four common radiographic findings associated with cardiogenic pulmonary edema

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Question 50

38. Describe the typical alveolar filling pattern seen on chest x-ray associated with cardiogenic pulmonary edema

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Question 51

39. Is a typical for the peripheral portion of the chest x-ray to remain clear from alveolar infiltration, of a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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Question 52

It is common for chest x-rays of patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema to exhibit a line known as Kerley A lines. Where do Kerley A lines originate? Describe them. What causes them?

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Question 53

41. It is common for chest x-rays of patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema to exhibit a line known as Kerley B lines. Where do Kerley B lines originate? What is another name for Kerley B . lines Describe them. What causes them

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Question 54

hypokalemia

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Question 55

hyponatremia

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Question 56

43. Why do patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema frequently present with the electrolyte imbalances of hypokalemia and hyponatremia?

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Question 57

44. What do positive inotropic (ino-o-trop-ic) agents do for a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema? How will they benefit the patient?

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Question 58

45. Name to common inotropic drugs used to treat cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

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Question 59

46. Systemic hypertension increases cardiac workload and makes cardiogenic pulmonary edema worse. Name the group of drugs that can be used to treat systemic hypertension associated with cardiogenic pulmonary edema

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Question 60

How does morphine sulfate help treat cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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Question 61

Name the group of drugs that are used to promote fluid excretion.

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Question 62

function of albumin in the treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

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Question 63

What is the effect of mask CPAP therapy on the PaO2 and SaO2 of a Patient in Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema?

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Question 64

How does mask CPAP improve lung function? There are four listed.

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Question 65

What the lung capacity will mask CPAP increase?

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Question 66

What is refractory hypoxemia

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Question 67

Can oxygen therapy typically be used without mask CPAP to treat the hypoxemia resulting from cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

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Question 68

What patient position can be used to reduce patient dyspnea?

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