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Removable Pros > Edentulous Anatomy > Flashcards

Edentulous Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What type of mucosa is highly keratinized?

A

masticatory

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2
Q

What type of mucosa is the best for denture support?

A

masticatory

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3
Q

What type of mucosa is thin and non-keratinized (lips and cheeks)?

A

lining

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4
Q

What type of mucosa forms a seal against the dneture, but does not resist stress?

A

lining

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5
Q

What type of mucosa is keratinized and contains taste buds (dorsal side of tongue)?

A

specialized

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of ideal denture- bearing tissue?

A
  1. firmly bound, keratinized masticatory tissue
  2. zone of connective tissue and submucosa
  3. underlying cortical bone
  4. muscle attachments nearby (enhance resistance to bone resorption)
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7
Q

What is centripetal resorption?

A

routine resorption pattern forllowing the extraction of teeth
- results in a smaller maxilla

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of the labial frenum?

A
  • contains no muscle fibers
  • inserts vertically
  • little lateral movement
  • notch in denture should be narrow
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9
Q

What is the labial vestibule?

A
  • space between labial frenum and buccal frenum
  • reflection contains no muscle fibers
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of buccal frenum (max)?

A
  • single or multiple
  • ant-posterior direction of reflection
  • may contain few fibers or caninus muscle
  • notch in denture is broad as to not affect movement via buccinator and orbicularis oris muscle
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11
Q

Notch in denture is broader at _____ frenum than at ______ frenum

A

broader at buccal frenum than at labial frenum

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the buccal vestibule (corono-maxillary space)?

A
  • between buccal frenum and hamular notch
  • space varies in size
  • spaced must be filled vertically and laterally by denture flange (prevents ingress of air and loss of retention)
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13
Q

What is another name for the buccal vestibule (max)?

A

corono-maxillary space
or
retrozygomatic space

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14
Q

What is the vestibular space posterior to zygoma (just buccal to first maxillary molar)?

A

retrozygomatic space

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15
Q

What is commonly imcompletely captured in preliminary impressions?

A

retrozygomatic space (use syringe technique to prevent)

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16
Q

What should you note about the coronoid process?

A
  • place mirror lateral to tuberosity
  • move mandible to opposite side
  • note binding or pain
  • gives indication of the width of space for flange
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17
Q

What should complete denture retention contain?

A
  • adhesion
  • cohesion
  • interfacial surface tension
  • intimate tissue contact
  • border seal (prevents ingress of air)
  • neuromuscular control by patient
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18
Q

What is the narrow cleft between tuberostiy and pterygoid hamulus?

A

hamular notch (denture must extend into this area)

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of the hamular notch?

A
  • posterior border of denture
  • between bony tuberostiy and hamulus
  • soft displaceable tissue for comfort and retention
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20
Q

Where should you place the vibrating line on the maxilla?

A
  • on soft palate (not junction of hard and soft palate)
  • junction of movable and immovable tissues in the soft palate
  • tissues are yielding and easily displaced
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21
Q

What is the vibrating line?

A

an imaginary line across the palate which marks the junction of the movable and the immovable portion of the soft palate

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of the fovea palatini?

A
  • unique to humans
  • coalescence of mucous glands
  • one on each side of midline
  • in the general area of the vibrating line (only a guide)
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23
Q

What are the characteristics of the hard palate?

A
  • median palatine raphe (midline suture)
  • bony midline structure (no cushioning)
  • may require relief when covered by a denture
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24
Q

What are the characteristics of rugae?

A
  • seconary denture support area
  • resists anterior displacement of denture
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25
Q

What is the importance of the incisive papilla?

A

landmark for the setting of anterior teeth in denture making

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26
Q

What is the incisive papilla?

A
  • pad of connective tissue overlying nasopalatine canal opening
  • not tolerant of pressure from denture
27
Q

Is the incisive papilla tolerant or intolerant of pressure from denture?

A

not tolerant of pressure

28
Q

What is the ideal palatal vault form for denture making?

A

medium depth with well-defined rugae in anterior

29
Q

Where are the areas where you can put pressure on the maxillary denture?

A

primary - hard palate (not midline)

secondary - ridge crest should function at best as secondary support area

30
Q

Where are the areas where you should add relief on the maxillary denture?

A

midline of the hard palate

31
Q

What might you have to remove if it interferes with the denture?

A

torus palatinus

32
Q

Where is the posterior palatal seal area?

A
  • distal to junction of hard and soft palate
  • glandular and fibrous connective tissue which may be slightly compressed
33
Q

What is the purpose of the posterior palatal seal?

A

retention of maxillary denture

34
Q

What are the functions of the posterior palatal seal?

A
  1. completes border seal of max denture
  2. compensates for dimensional changes in processed resin
  3. gives firm contact with tissue of soft palate which reduces gagging
  4. presses into tissue making posterior border less conspicuous to tongue
35
Q

What is the house class 1 of soft palate?

A

> 5 mm tissue available
- ideal

36
Q

What is the house class 2 of soft palate?

A

1-5 mm tissue available
- adequate

37
Q

What is the house class 3 of soft palate?

A

<1 mm tissue available
- poor

38
Q

Which house classification is the hardest to manage since it tends to dislodge the denture unless perfect?

A

class III

39
Q

Which house classification is the easiest to tolerate and the broadest range?

A

class I

40
Q

Which house classification is the most common

A

class II

41
Q

What blade does the bard parker knife use?

A

25 blade

42
Q

What anatomy does the mandibular arch have?

A

labial frenum
labial vestibule
buccal frenum

43
Q

What are the characteristics of the buccal frenum (mandibular)?

A
  • may contain fibers which attach to “modiolus” (structure at corners of mouth where 8 muscles converge)
44
Q

What are the characteristics of the buccal shelf (mand)?

A
  • area posterior to buccal frenum
  • primary support area for denture
  • denture base should cover completely
45
Q

What is the primary denture bearing arer of the mandibular denture?

A

buccal shelf (resorbs more slowly)

46
Q

What are the primary support areas of the mandibular denture?

A

pear-shaped pad (retromolar)
buccal shelf

47
Q

What are the secondary support areas of the mandibular denture?

A

ridge crest
area of genial tubercles

48
Q

What are the areas of relief of the mandibular denture?

A

lingual and labial ridge inclines

49
Q

What are the characteristics of the pterygomandibular raphe?

A
  • narrow, ligamentous band extending from pterygoid hamulus to posterior part of mylohyoid line
  • buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle fibers enter
  • limits length of max and mand dentures
50
Q

What connects from the hamulus to the mylohyoid ridge?

A

pterygo-mandibuar raphe (if prominent it requires relief)

51
Q

What is the retromolar pad?

A

triangular pad of soft tissue at posterior end of mandibular residual ridge

  • contains glandular tissue
  • created from scarring after extractions
52
Q

What are the contents of the retromolar pad?

A
  • loose submucosa
  • glandular tissue
  • fibers of buccinator and superior pharyngeal constictor muscles
  • pterygomandibular raphe
  • temporalis tendon fibers
53
Q

What occurs if the retromolar pad is not covered by denture base?

A

excessive resorption of residual ridge occurs

54
Q

What are the characteristics of the lingual frenum (mand)?

A
  • anterior attachment of tongue
  • overlies genioglossus muscle
55
Q

What are the characteristics of the mylohyoid ridge?

A
  • origin of mylohyoid muscle which influences length of lingual flange
  • can be prominent or sharp (requires relief)
56
Q

What is the alveololingual sulcus?

A

space from lingual frenum to retromylohyoid curtain in posterior

57
Q

What are the characteristics of the retromylohyoid space?

A
  • distal end of lingual sulcus
  • area posterior to the mylohyoid muscle
  • good seal aids in retention and stability
58
Q

What are the anatomical features of the disto-lingual vestibule?

A
  • mylohyoid muscle
  • palatoglossus muscle
  • superior constrictor muscle
  • pterygomandibular raphe
  • buccinator muscle
59
Q

What is the importance of the retromylohyoid fossa?

A
  • denture flange adapts laterally close to body of mandible (produces typical S curve)
60
Q

What is important to know about the residual ridge of the mandibular?

A
  • secondary support area
  • size decreases with time
61
Q

What causes residual ridge resorption?

A

pressure on ridge -> blood supply interrupted -> bone resorption

62
Q

Which arch has more severe resorption?

A

mandibular

63
Q

How to reduce pressure on the residual ridges?

A
  • remove dentures for 8 hrs/day to allow tissues to rest
  • place more pressure on areas that can withstand pressure
  • record tissues at rest (impression)
  • clinical remount and occlusal refinement (at delivery)
  • no contact of opposing anterior teeth

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