edit note quiz 1

Question 1

Two independent clauses joined by a conjunction require…

Answer 1

a comma

Question 2

a group of words containing a subject and verb

Answer 2

clause

Question 3

sentence expressing a complete thought

Answer 3

independent clause

Question 4

does not express a complete thought

Answer 4

dependent clause

Question 5

a group of words without a subject and verb

Answer 5

phrase
ex. “tale as old as time”

Question 6

Dependent clauses begin with

Answer 6

RELATIVE pronouns/subordinate conjunctions

ex. after, although, because, unless, until, when, where, while, though, wherever, etc.

Question 7

Introductory dependent clauses

Answer 7

are set off by commas

Question 8

A dependent clause that is necessary to the meaning

Answer 8

restrictive clause

Question 9

A dependent clause that isn’t necessary to the meaning

Answer 9

non-restrictive clause

Question 10

a restrictive clause…

Answer 10

is NOT set off with a comma
ex. “The person WHO ENJOYS READING (important!!) is never lonely

Question 11

a nonrestrictive clause…

Answer 11

is set off with a comma
Ex. the farm, which has a beautiful barn, sells apples

Question 12

when one prepositional phrase introduces the sentence…
ex. down, across, inside, around the woods, etc.

Answer 12

SHOULD be set off with a comma ONLY if it would otherwise be confusing

Question 13

when two or more prepositional phrases introduce a sentence
ex.After riding his bike around the neighborhood twice, Rob was sweating profusely.

Answer 13

they should always be set off with a comma

Question 14

a participle…(adjective)

Answer 14

ends in !!!!ing, -ed, -d, -t, or -en!!!! and is used as an ADJECTIVE
ex. cracked, burning/burnt, discouraged, cleaned, broken

participle phrase: participle phrase + words, like “running up the hill”

Question 15

when you introduce a sentence with a participle…

Answer 15

it must be set off with a comma

Question 16

a participal phrase…

Answer 16

is made up of a participal and its complements
ex. “planning to study nursing”

Question 17

an introductory participal phrase
ex. “removing his glasses,”

Answer 17

is set off by a comma

Question 18

a word or group of words that follows a noun and identifies it/gives it additional information

Answer 18

appositive

Question 19

an appositive is set off by…

Answer 19

a comma
ex.“my wife, Dorothy, enjoys musical theater,” “Dorothy” is the appositive, with the antecedent “my wife.”

Question 20

when an appositive is a proper noun,ex. Olivia

Answer 20

it is usually NOT set off by commas

Question 21

if the appositive is nonrestrictive (not necessary)

Answer 21

it is set off by commas

Question 22

use a comma to separate words or phrases that might be mistakenly joined in reading

Question 23

use an apostrophe and “s” to form the posessive of indefinite pronouns (‘s)
-apostrophe after s (s’) for plural
the womens’ decisions led to this.

*the apostrophe is NOT used to form the posessive of a personal pronoun ex. its paw

Question 24

vary sentences by joining 2 closely related sentences with a semicolon and NO conjunction

Answer 24

I like dogs; they’re cute

Question 25

use a semicolon in joining 2 closely related sentences that include a conjunctive adverb, such as “however,” “otherwise,” “therefore,” etc.

Answer 25

I like dogs; however, I love cats

Question 26

when a compound subject is joined by “and” the verb is plural

Question 27

when a compound subject is joined by “or” or “nor,” the verb agrees with the subject nearer to the verb

Question 28

anyone, anybody, nobody, no one, neither, one, somebody, someone, everybody, everyone, everyone, either, each

Answer 28

singular indefinite pronouns
ex.everyone gets his wish

Question 29

both, few, many, others, several

Answer 29

plural indefinite pronouns
definite pronouns ex. animals, laura, barista

Question 30

some, most, all, any, none

Answer 30

singular OR plural depending on context pronouns

Question 31

a verb must agree with the subject. the subject is never found in a phrase or clause between the subject and the verb

Answer 31

ex. ONE of the boys has not cast HIS vote
MANY of the boys have not cast THEIR vote

phrase/clause: of the boys

Question 32

accordingly, also, anyway, besides, certainly, consequently, finally, further, moreover, similarily, still, then, therefore, thus, undoubtedly, etc.

Answer 32

conjunctive adverbs (connect independent clauses to each other)

Question 33

after, as, as if, as long as, although, as much as, as though, because, even, even if, who, whoever, why, which, whenever, when, until, unless, though, in order that, etc.

Answer 33

subordinating conjunctions (connect independent clauses to dependent clauses)

Question 34

a semicolon is used…

Answer 34

between main clauses joined by a conjunction if the clause before the conjunction contains commas

ex. Irene will invite Clare, John, Hugh, and Felise; and Brian will ask three of his friends from the hospital

Question 35

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS)

Answer 35

coordinating conjunctions

Question 36

only use commas if the subordinating conjunction is the first word of a sentence. place the comma after the first clause.

Answer 36

ex. because she was late(!!), she missed the beginning of the game

Question 37

when the subordinating conjunction begins the second clause, do not use a comma

Answer 37

ex. she missed the beginning of the game because she was late

Question 38

a noun or noun phrase that sits next to another noun to rename or redescribe it

Answer 38

appositive

Question 39

in the beginning, inside your ear, under the couch, on the table, over the house

Answer 39

prepositional phrase

Question 40

planning on studying nursing, fond of putting on makeup, road clogged with traffic,eaten by mosquitos, running up to the boy

Answer 40

participal phrase

Question 41

occurs before the pronoun, it’s a phrase, noun, or clause indicated by a pronoun
ex. the professor could not find her car keys
pronoun: her
antecedent: professor

Answer 41

antecedent

Question 42

Subjective v Objective pronouns

Use subjective (I, he/she, they) when it’s the subject of a sentence or in a sentence with “to be verbs”: is, am, was, were, be, been, being
ex. the winner should have BEEN he, no one IS a better teacher than I
“this is she” because she is the one speaking (subject)

Use objective with direct or indirect objects
Direct objects: answer who or that
Indirect objects: answer for whom/what
ex. “the visitors surprised her.”
“he helped us girls with our makeup”
“my kids baked me a cake”
“we will practice with you and them”

Answer 42

PRONOUN CASE

Question 43

Indefinite pronouns- any, all, some, everybody, one, each, either/neither, anybody, anyone, anywhere, both, few, many, others, several
ex. both of them love it here

Definite pronouns- refer to specific people, places, and things, they can basically replace someone’s name or other nouns
ex. I, me, mine, myself, she, her, herself, we, us
ex. that pen is mine

Answer 43

indefinite pronouns vs definite pronouns and pronoun references

Question 44

collective noun is exactly as it sounds like it’s a noun that describes a collective amount of something
ex.team, audience, choir, group, swarm, pod, orchestra, pack, jury, collection, committee, congregation, fleet, class, band,pack, staff
ex. the herd of students shuffled into the classroom

Answer 44

collective noun and pronoun reference

Question 45

• words that connect two independent clauses of sentences to help express different ideas ex. cause and effect, contrast, and result
  ex. furthermore, moreover, additionally, also, besides, similarly, besides, however, hence, nonetheless

DIFFERENT WAYS TO USE THEM:
Conjunctive Adverbs for addition:
- furthermore, additionally, moreover
“I had already finished my homework SEMICOLON (MUST HAVE SEMICOLON BEFORE THE CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB) moreover, I studied for my exam.”

Conjunctive Adverbs- Contrast
- however, on the other hand, nonetheless
“I wanted to stay at home; however, they convinced me to go out.”

Conjunctive Adverbs- Result
- therefore, consequently, thus
ex. I had not studied for the test; consequently, i did not do well

Answer 45

conjunctive adverb

Question 46

censor v censure

Answer 46

commonly confused words and how to put them in a sentence

Question 47

appositives- add additional information to a sentence

nonrestrictive appositive example- mexico city, the biggest city in the world, has many interesting archaeological sites

restrictive appositive example- the poet maya Angelou wrote fantastic works.

nonrestrictive clause
Mark, who claimed to have a limp, sprinted after the bus

restrictive clause
the one who claimed to have a limp sprinted after the bus

Answer 47

restrictive appositive, nonrestrictive appositive, restrictive clause, nonrestricted clause