Education Flashcards

Question

what were the aims and details of the tripartite system

Answer 1

-aim to have a better educated workforce and allowed all students to a free, state run education -introduced a meritocratic system (education based on academic ability rather than money) -introduced three types of schools; grammar (20%) modern (75%) and technical (5%). -the secondary school you went to was decided by an exam that you took at 11 years of age

Answer 2

-allowed resources to be better targeted -exposure to cultural traditions -less ability to feel inferior and less likely to be held back

Answer 3

-80% of students felt like failures at age 11 -children start to develop after 11 so why are the futures determined at such a young age? -exams favoured middle-class students (elaborated code, capital, etc) -divided students from different backgrounds

Answer 4

-aims to ensure all students had an equal education, no matter their ability -introduced by Labour government -both sexes attended the same schools -no entry examinations -Schools served catchment areas

Answer 5

-what education for all; fairness -brings together children from different classes and backgrounds -no entrance examination -larger schools; cheaper to run for state -serves catchment areas

Answer 6

-no choice of schools for parents -students dumbed down by curriculum -setting divide within classes -some catchments on more middle class than others, note equality for working class

Answer 7

process of introducing market forces such as customer choice and competition into education (adopted by neoliberalists and new right

Answer 8

system where parents have choice about what school their child attends, new right argue that it is key to drive up standards. schools must compete to be the best quality and to get enough applications and therefore funding

Answer 9

-publication of league tables and ofsted reports (allow parents to choose between schools) -formula funding= all schools receive the same amount of money for each pupil; more students means more funding -specialist schools eg science, language schools which allow more choice -increased and introduction of tuition fees to higher education

Answer 10

-will bartlet: cream-skimming: schools selecting higher ability students who gain the best results and therefore cost les to teach -silt-shifting: offloading students with learning difficulties who are expensive to teach and get poorer results

Answer 11

-some parents claim parentocracy is. myth and that state that some parents have greater choice than others

Answer 12

the transfer of public assets such as schools to private companies (schools are still state run but private businesses have an increasing role in providing certain services)

Answer 13

private companies which provide funds to build and run educational services (devices can last 25* years)

Answer 14

building brand loyalty through private companies using products and logos in school

Answer 15

school started by local authority but then converted into a sponsored academy (run by a company/charity)

Answer 16

labour government introducing EMA (education maintenance allowance) to encourage people from low income backgrounds to stay in education after 16, but then contradict their aims to improve education by introducing other policies; raising tuition fees

Answer 17

-more market/privatisation policies such as setting up free schools and academies, tripling tuition fees to £9,250, restructuring qualifications; GCSE 1-9 system and 2 year, linear A-Levels

Answer 18

2010 academies act: independent, state-funded schools which receive their funding from central government rather than local authorities (LEA). they have more freedom over things such as the curriculum, length of days and terms, etc.

Answer 19

schools set up by parents, teachers and charities but are funded by the central government

Answer 20

+can receive up to 10% more funding as they’re not held back by authority +more freedom means more pay for better teachers -changes will benefit the more privileged neighbourhoods

Answer 21

+allows parents to set up schools if they aren’t happy with the one in the local area -they benefit MC as parents gave more money and time to set them up however they want

Answer 22

-1992- ofsted created; allowed schools to generate an opinion and let parents chose, school became measured and rated -EMA; payments used to encourage students from low-income backgrounds to stay in education after 16. funding was given to under-represented schools -2011- pupil premium; schools given funding depending on number of free school meal children they had

Answer 23

concepts based off occupation: wc- manual occupations eg cleaners,plumbers mc- non-manual occupations eg doctors,teachers

Answer 24

cultural deprivation, material deprivation, capital

Answer 25

labelling and self-fulfilling prophecy, setting/streaming, pupil subcultures, pupils class identities

Answer 26

-language affects children’s cognitive and intellectual ability/development and their ability to benefit from the process of schooling. -as a result working-class pupils do not necessarily develop advanced language skills and the ability to think of abstractly -restricted/elaborated code

Answer 27

-mc parents emphasise consistent and fair discipline and have high expectations for the children. in contrast, working-class parents are marked as inconsistent which prevents a child from learning. -mc parents are also more likely to get involved with schools and are aware how to help the child

Answer 28

=group of people which values differ from those of mainstream cultures •sugaman: proposed 4 subcultures which act as barriers to educational success: fatalism, collectivism, immediate gratification, present time orientation.

Answer 29

groups which value the group itself rather than the individuals within it

Answer 30

the factors are overlooked the practical difficulties faced by WC. parents often work more hours and have less choice and shifts which suggests that not engaging in the child’s school is likely to be due to physically being unable rather than not caring

Answer 31

-refers to poverty and lack of material necessities such as inadequate housing and income: -substandard housing (problems like overcrowding) , -diet and health (lower intake of vitamins means more absences due to illness), -cost of education (school items which may be a problem to afford by WC parents) -fear of debt (debt averse students are 5 times less likely to apply to university) -private education (inability to afford private schooling acts as a barrier)

Answer 32

substandard housing, diet&health, cost education, fear of debt, private education

Answer 33

attaching a meaning or definition to someone; can be positive or negative

Answer 34

researcher labelled a class either positively or negatively by splitting the class by blue or brown eye colour, and labelled each group positively or negatively in turns (eg moved one group to the front and other to the back). found that the students labelled positively that day, did better in their education

Answer 35

a prediction that becomes true simply because people believe it to be true

Answer 36

trying to prove their label wrong (to a teacher)

Answer 37

separating children into different classes by ability (same stream for all subjects)

Answer 38

placing students into classes by ability where each group is taught separately (can have different set for each subjects)

Answer 39

how teachers use stereotypes to select streams for pupils

Answer 40

group of students who share similar values and behavioural patterns (they’re a response to labelling and streaming)

Answer 41

differentiation: process by which teachers categorise pupils according to how they perceive their ability, attitude and/or behaviour (eg streaming) polarisation: process where students respond to steaming by moving towards one of two opposite extremes: pro/anti-school subcultures

Answer 42

pro-school and anti-school

Answer 43

+studies show that internal factors of schools contradict the idea that schools are meritocratic and fair

Answer 44

the predisposition and/or preferences of a particular social class (like culture)

Answer 45

students which invest in styles (clothes and looks) due to being conscious that society looks down on them; this included brands such as nike. these styles contradict the school dress code and leads to labelling

Answer 46

knowledge, values and abilities of MC which are favoured by the education system

Answer 47

having better financial assets

Answer 48

formal qualifications eg GCSEs, A-levels, knowledge and skills from degrees

Answer 49

WC tastes and lifestyles which are treated as inferior

Answer 50

MC worth/value in schools

Answer 51

external factors (to school) which affect education due to class and upbringing

Answer 52

bernstein; restricted code: typically used by WC, limited vocabulary, short, simple

Answer 53

elaborated code: typically used by MC, why do vocabulary, more complex sentences

Answer 54

impact of feminism, changes in the family, changes in employment, changing ambitions

Answer 55

the improved rights for women and raising expectations have improved womens status. eg sharpe found that girls’ priorities from 1976 to 1994 changed from love,marriage,then career to career first, then independence and then possible relationships

Answer 56

primary socialisation is now more suited towards education and women are pushed to pursuit their ambitions. increase in divorce rate and decline in marriage rate have helped this

Answer 57

-employment for women has raised from 47% in 1959 to 70% in 2007 (webb) -pay gap has also fallen by 13% -policies like equal pay act& sex discrimination act have allowed women to want to pursuit jobs and their ambitions

Answer 58

-equal opportunity policies (eg GISE & WISE) -positive role models in schools (increase in female head/teachers which help girls undertake successful education themselves 38%) -selection and league tables( marketisation of schools means schools are more likely to recruit girls as they’re higher achieving them boys) -GCSEs and coursework -teacher attention (fairly equal amount of attention but boys are disciplined more harshly French&French) -challenging stereotypes

Answer 59

-boys and literacy: parents tend to spend more time reading with girls than boys; feminising reading. stereotypical boys hobbies also effect their development and communication skills -decline in traditional mens jobs: leads to identity crisis in men and therefore lack motivation

Answer 60

-‘laddish subcultures’: masculinity is equated with being tough and doing manual work and therefore WC boys are concerned about being labelled “sissies” if they do well in school -shortage of male PS teachers: means no positive male role models (only 16% male) and increase in lone-parent families means boys don’t have the correct primary socialisation -feminism of education: treats such as leadership don’t get praised but attentiveness does; feminising education

Answer 61

-national curriculum options; little choice but sexes still chose differently -AS&A-levels; more choice but boys still take more physics and computer subjects but girls take more english and sociology subjects -vocational courses; gender segregation in training eg engineering 97% males

Answer 62

-gender roles/domains (teachers encourage boys to be tough but girls are expected to be quite and tidy) -single sex schooling (pupils who attend single sex schools tend to hold less stereotyped subjects) -gender identity and peer pressure (research found that girls who are sporty have to deal with an imagine who contradicts the stereotype) -gender career opportunities(young kids socialised into sexes so subject choice will be reflected, half of womens employments is also into personal services clerical jobs)

Answer 63

discrimination built into institutions such as schools

Education Flashcards

(88 cards)