education Flashcards

Question

Marketisation policies (gender and education)

Answer 1

created a more competitive environment, and schools find girls more desirable since they have better results

Answer 2

league tables have improved the opportunities for girls and high achieving girls are more attractive to school which leads to self fulfilling prophecy since girls are more likely to be recruited by good schools and score well

Answer 3

sexist images have been removed from learning materials which raise girls' achievements because they now present more positive images of what women can do

Answer 4

boys are less attractive to schools because they are more likely to have behavioral problems and are four times more likely to be excluded

Answer 5

single sex schools tend to hold less stereotypes and girls in mixed schools are less likely to take science and maths than in a single sex school while boys in mixed schools are less likely to take english than boys in single sex schools

Answer 6

1. feminization of education and gendered subjects: sewell, kelly, leonard 2. laddish subcultures and gender identity: epstein, parker, Mac An Ghail 3. Selection and marketization: Jackson, Marketisation, Slee 4. Challenging stereotypes in the curriculum: Weiner

Answer 7

90% of failing schools are located in deprived areas

Answer 8

argues that 'capital' explains why middle-class is so successful and says that middle class have economic capital (money), educational capital (qualifications), cultural capital

Answer 9

uneducated parents are more likely to use language than requires only descriptive statements (restricted code) which results in lower achievement since textbooks and tests are written in elaborated code (wider vocabulary and complex sentences)

Answer 10

found that working class parents places less value on education so children had lower levels of motivation and achievement because they had low ambitions for their child, visited schools less often and gave less encouragement lack of parental interest reflects the subcultural values of the working class

Answer 11

in a working class subculture... 1. fatalism: a belief in fate- there is nothing you can do to change your status 2. immediate gratification: seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices while middle class have deferred gratification (seeking rewards later leading to getting higher education etc.)

Answer 12

refers to poverty and lack of material necessities - 1/3 of FSM pupils achieve a 5 or more at GCSE english and maths - exclusion and truancy are more likely from poorer families - unlikely to return to mainstream education

Answer 13

money problems in the family lead to non-attendance in school

Answer 14

overcrowding is common in working class families -makes it harder for children to study at home - increased likelihood of accidents and psychological distress leading to absence in school

Answer 15

Diet: working class families usually have lower intakes of energy meaning weakened immune system and a lack of concentration in class

Answer 16

Cost of education: working class families have to do without equipment, miss out on trips, hand me downs all resulting in isolation, stigmatisation and being bullied by peers

Answer 17

inability to afford private schooling or tuition will lead to poorer quality schools and they may also have to work part-time which can affect their education

Answer 18

argues that the problem is not the child's language but the school's attitude towards it, teachers have a speech hierarchy :middle class speech, working class speech, black speech

Answer 19

rejects the view that working-class parents are not interested, but they attend fewer meetings because they work longer hours, lack the education and knowledge to help

Answer 20

1. Cultural deprivation: Feinstein, Bernstein, Douglas and Sugarman 2. Material deprivation: Flaherty, Housing, Howard, Bull and Noble

Answer 21

attach a meaning or definition to pupil and label them, usually teachers base it on stereotypes such as working class negatively and middle class positively

Answer 22

label pupils based on how close they are to being the 'ideal pupil' based on work, appearance and conduct

Answer 23

in 9 secondary schools, teachers normalized the underachievement of working-class pupils and felt they could do nothing about it, labelled the WC parents as uninterested, MC parents are supportive, extension tasks given to MC, and WC given easier tests (setting and streaming)

Answer 24

1. teachers label a pupil 2. teacher treats pupil according to label 3. pupil internalizes the teacher's expectation and becomes part of their self-image, prediction is fulfilled

Answer 25

told a school about a new IQ test, and picked 20% at random then told the school they would 'spurt ahead', a year later 47% of those sputters made significant progress, proving self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 26

different ability grounds, working class sorted into lower ability class, middle class sorted into higher ability class, and self-fufilling prophecy

Answer 27

teachers were less likely to see the WC and black children as having ability leading to lower streams and lower GCSEs linked to league tables, league tables attracts pupils and funding so they will only choose top students

Answer 28

educational triage: 1. those who will pass without help 2. those who have potential 3. those who are doomed to fail the triage is the basis for streaming, teacher's belief about the ability of the WC segregates them into lower streams where they receive less attention, support and resources resulting in lower achievement

Answer 29

Differentiation: categorizing pupils based on ability and attitude e.g. 'more able' pupils are given a high status by being placed in high stream Polarisation: pupils respond to streaming by moving towards one of the poles 'pro school vs anti school subculture' pro-school subculture: high streams, committed to the values of the school, academic success anti-school subculture: low streams, loss of self esteem, look for status by being accepted by peers and rejecting school values

Answer 30

found that comprehensive school's setting and produced polarisation and when school abolished setting, polarisation was removed but differentiation continued, teachers continued to label MC as co-operative leading to better exam results (SFP)

Answer 31

'selection by mortgage': middle-class parents are more likely to be able to afford a house in an area of a school placed high on exam tables because house costs are high in these areas excluding WC

Answer 32

working class is not the issue, two groups of working class were selected from the same neighborhood, one sent to a grammar school and passed their exam, while the one who went to the local secondary school, failed

Answer 33

1. labelling and SFP: Becker, Gazeley, and Jacobson 2. Setting and streaming: Youdell, Gillborn and Youdell, 3. pupil subcultures: Lacey and Ball 4. Class Identity: Leech and Compos, Ingram

Answer 34

- Chinese and Indian pupils achieving above national average - white WC pupils attend to achieve lower - 23% of white boys on FSM gained 5 A-C grades at GCSE - whites and asians do better than black pupils

Answer 35

- language spoken by low-income black American families, is ungrammatical, disjointed and incapable of expressing abstract ideas -those who do not speak english at home will do worse than those that do HOWEVER, those who said english was their first language was only 3.2 points ahead than those who didn't

Answer 36

black families are headed by a lone mother, children deprived of adequate care because she struggles financially without a breaderwinner, boys do not have an adequate male role model, cultural deprivation cycle begins (inadequately socialized children from unstable families will produce unstable families)

Answer 37

high rate of lone parenthood and lack of positive male ole models will lead to underachievement in minorities

Answer 38

Asians are higher achievers because their culture is more resistant to racism, while black Caribbean culture is less cohesive and resistant so many black pupils have low self esteem and underachieve

Answer 39

problem isn't the absence of the father for black boys but its the lack of tough love and adequate discipline, street gangs present boys with a media inspired role model of anti school black masculinity, leads to black boys thinking that doing well at school is selling out to a white establishment

Answer 40

adult authority in Asian families is similar to the models that operate school, parents are more likely to be supportive of school behaviour policies

Answer 41

Discrimination is a persistent experience for minorities in Britain which shows how racial discriminations leads to social exclusion and worsens poverty causing housing issues in poorly educated areas regardless of class

Answer 42

sent 3 closely matched job applications, with each name associated with a particular ethnic group, only 1/16 ethnic minorities were accepted compared 1/9 white applicants

Answer 43

it is not peer pressure, but institutional racism that systematically produces a large number of failing black boys

Answer 44

criticizes cultural deprivation for ignoring the positive effects of ethnicity such as black caribbean families would provide girls with a positive role model of a strong independent woman which is why black girls tend to do better than black boys.

Answer 45

cultural deprivation is a victim-blaming explanation since ethnic kids are just culturally different not culturally deprived and it's because schools are ethnocentric

Answer 46

1. cultural deprivation: Bereiter and Engelmann, Moynihan, Charles Murray, Pryce, Sewell, and Lupton 2. Racism in wider society: Mason, and Wood Et Al

Answer 47

black pupils: teachers are quicker to discipline black pupils because they expect them to have more discipline issues causing them to misinterpret situations, more likely to be put in lower sets, SFP asian pupils: spoken to in a childish language because assumed they can't speak english well, not seen as threat but as a problem teachers can ignore

Answer 48

identified 3 main types of teacher racism: 1. The colour blind: allow racism to go unchallenged 2. The liberal chauvinists: low expectations 3. The overt racists: actively discriminate

Answer 49

4 responses to teacher racism: 1. The rebels: rejected school goals and conformed to 'black macho lad' stereotype 2. The conformists: accepted schools goals and rules 3. The retreatists: disconnected from both school and black subcultures 4. The innovators: pro-education but anti-school, value success not approval

Answer 50

selection procedures lead to ethnic segregation, fail to get into better secondary schools - schools screen out pupils with language difficulties - application process difficult for non-english speaking parents leads to ethnically stratified education system

Answer 51

national curriculum is 'specifically British' ignores non-European language, literature and music

Answer 52

ignores ethnic diversity and promotes 'Little Englandism' e.g. history ignores the history of black and asian people

Answer 53

argues that assessments rigged to validate the dominant culture's superiority since they are replaced with a foundational stage profile and then black pupils appeared to be doing worse than white pupils (2000 to 2003)

Answer 54

publishing league tables leads to large number of black and WC pupils being put into lower sets, and lower tier exams, so its not due to racism

Answer 55

1. labelling and teacher racism: Gillborn and Youdell, Mirza, and Sewell 2. Institutional Racism: Davenport, David, and Ball 3. Assessment: Gillborn

Answer 56

all laws, regulations, and processes that are designed and implemented to achieve particular educational goals

Answer 57

introducing grammar schools, technical schools and secondary moderns introduced secondary schooling for those who passed 11+ could go to grammar schools and the rest went to secondary moderns - started the gender segregation

Answer 58

the three schools from the tripartite system combined into one the 'comprehensive school' equal status, equal opportunity, mixed-ability grouping

Answer 59

more vocational courses to tackle unemployment

Answer 60

introduced... - national curriculum (all pupils learning the same content) - SATs - GCSEs - league tables (more parental choice, and more budgeting powers) established a market in the education system, parents attracted funding (parentocracy), incentive to get better exam results

Answer 61

schools encouraged to compete against each other through... - national curriculum: formalize educational standards and standardized testing as well - league tables: publicist which schools are doing well, created a sense of competition - OFSTED: schools evaluated by OFSTED and rated to improve educational standards

Answer 62

sure start programme: home life into children's learning, financial assistance, home visits etc. educational action zones: set up in deprived urban zones

Answer 63

increase interconnectedness and competition transcends beyond national borders

education Flashcards

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