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Sociology - Education > Education > Flashcards

Education Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Feminists - Education

A

Reinforces gender inequalities through hidden curriculum. Senior positions taken by men, catering taken by women.

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2
Q

Radical Feminists

A

Education system reinforces patriarchal ideology so it is seen as normal by the times girls leave school

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3
Q

Durkheim - Social Solidarity (functionalism)

A

Schools essential for imprinting shared social values into society by passing on cultural and societal norms.
Society needs social solidarity to survive (Unity and shared values and beliefs)

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4
Q

Functionalism

A

School shapes individual behaviour through socialisation and each institution has a role of carrying out a function e.g., secondary school = secondary socialisation, primary school = primary socialisation

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5
Q

Durkheim - Division Of Labour

A

Crucial function in an advanced industrial economy is the teaching of specialised skills required for a division of labour

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6
Q

Marxist Critique on Functionalism

A

Marxists question the view that education reflects a set of beliefs shared by the majority of society, arguing the values emphasised are the ones which benefit capitalists

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7
Q

Critique of functionalism | Merit

A

Pupils can fail due to disadvantages such as social class or ethnicity

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8
Q

Parsons - school as a social system

A

School is agent of secondary socialisation where pupils learn universalistic values of whole society. At home children are judged on particularistic standards, but at school they are judged on universalistic values to learn norms and values

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9
Q

Bowles + Gintis (marxist)

A

Argue the main role of education is social reproduction whereby students (new gen workers) are socialised into accepting their future place as obedient workers to ensure they end up in a similar class position to their parents

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10
Q

Althusser - ideological state apparatus

A

Education main role is to persuade young people to accept their place in capitalist system.
Also suggests there is an ideological state apparatus where schools demonstrate capitalist ideology e.g., teaching young people that it’s normal

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11
Q

Bowles + Gintis - correspondence principle

A

Schools prepare young people for work by closely mirroring the workplace through:
- Discipline - hard work, obedience + punctuality
- Motivation by external rewards / work - money School - qualifications
- Hierarchy

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12
Q

Willis

A

Ethnographic study on 12 working class boys - avoided work to “have a laugh”, associated masculinity with manual work (same as their fathers). Willis argues that this negative attitude derives from shop floor culture

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13
Q

Willis - criticism

A

Not representative
Can be argued these ideas are outdated

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14
Q

New Right - Critique on Educational Markets

A

Educational Markets are unfair as schools focus on their student attraction rather than the individual students

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15
Q

New Right - Nanny State

A

Believe the government should play a lesser role in education and allow market forces to play a greater role

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16
Q

New Right - competition

A

Believe competition in school is necessary to raise high standards to create a more educated workforce which can benefit the economy

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17
Q

New Right - competition

A

Believe competition in school is necessary to raise high standards to create a more educated workforce which can benefit the economy

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18
Q

New Right - Vocationalism

A

Believe the main role of education is to build a work force so there should be a greater emphasis on vocational training

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19
Q

SDA - functionalist critique

A

Argue there’s a range of evidence that wc children are still disadvantaged in Britains education system.
Influenced government policies e.g., between 1997 and 2010 labour government invested heavily
In expanding higher education with the objective of getting half of school leavers to go onto some form of higher education

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20
Q

Gillborn and Youdell

A

Teachers have racialised expectations of different ethnic groups leading to self fulfilling prophecy

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21
Q

Smith + Noble

A

Low income = barrier to learning
- material deprivation
- lack of funds for private tuition
- low income = low health = p

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22
Q

Interactionism and social class (Feinstein + speech codes)

A

The way different social groups interact with each other can shape students expectations + behaviour and ultimately academic outcomes

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23
Q

Ann Oakley

A

Gender role socialisation

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24
Q

Interactionism - ethnicity (Rattansi)

A

Institutional racism affects minorities in schools e.g., providing fewer resources and tracking students into lower level classes

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25
Measuring class and attainment
Positivist approach - quantitative date to establish correlations Interpretivist approach - qualitative data to gather meaning for results
26
Feinstein
Suggested WC families place less value on education for their children, values passed on through primary socialisation therefore as well as material deprivation WC children suffer from cultural deprivation.
27
Evans (Feinstein Critique)
Carried out a similar study which was quantitative and found that parents wanted their children to academically do well
28
Bernstein - Limited Code + Extended Code
Limited Code - short simple sentences Extended Code - longer and more complex sentences Teachers use extended code (WC don’t) so they are disadvantaged compared to MC
29
GCSEs and Ethnicity
GCSE data shows that Chinese and Indian students are top 2 performing ethnic groups
30
Sewell - black masculinity (cultural factor)
Suggests an anti school culture may be responsible for underachievement of black boys whereby black boys reject the authority of teachers and senior leaders and don’t take schoolwork seriously
31
Cameron - Sewell Approval
Suggests Sewell makes a valid point and in Jamaica school success was seen as “gay” and was concerned the same issue was seen in the UK
32
Mac an Ghail - young, gifted and black
Study highlighted how a lack of representativeness and racism can affect academic achievement of minorities
33
Mirza - Teachers and Black Girls
Teachers had low expectations for black girls which led to them resenting the teachers and avoiding them. They also worked harder and pushed each other to prove them wrong. Teachers were also seen as colour blind
34
Jackson - Lads and Ladettes
Used the 2 terms to describe 2 styles of self presentation Lads - tough and masculine Ladettes - emphasis on sexuality and femininity
35
Globalisation
Compression of time and distance through global culture economics and politics
36
Global village
Time and distance decreased which increases people’s ability to create and maintain social relationships
37
Wiseman - Globalisation
The term can be misunderstood so it needs a careful definition. Problems with it: - assumes it’s occurring at the same right at the same time - assume it’s positive
38
Baudrillard - Death of the social
Decline of face to face conversation as all conversation is through media
39
Tribes in Amazon rainforest
Destroyed rainforests and homes due to cutting down for resources. No access to DFOC so they can’t do anything Others have set up online campaigns and as form of practical support
40
Digital Revolution
Shift in communication over past 2 decades Newspapers > News on phone
41
Carter - Cyber City
Carter explores how DFOC are used to create and maintain relationships CC - Virtual community with over a million users and found people who form online relationships continue then by meeting in person
42
Boellstorff - second life
Millions of people spend large amounts of time in virtual worlds such as second life - found crimes were occurring in this game which raised concerns on moral regulations
43
Marxism and DFOC
Media convergence is another way for ruling class to make profit
44
Bjorkuland
DFOC offer an ongoing autobiography which and be updated
45
Boyle
Successive generations have a greater reliance on DFOC - Digital generation divide > old less likely to use \ young rely on it
46
Boyle
Successive generations have a greater reliance on DFOC - Digital generation divide > old less likely to use \ young rely on it
47
Postman
Internet exposes children to adult content easily
48
Mori
People with low income may not have internet access due to it being expensive meaning that they miss out
49
Shaw and Gant - negative uses of internet
Internet use is associated with depression and loneliness as it’s hard to switch off and offline relationships are affected
50
Research on HE
Recent research is showing that investing into HE improves economic growth as graduates will go onto earn higher wages and contribute to the economy
51
Gillborn and Youdell - Teacher labelling (SC)
Middle class are more positively labelled which puts down WC > self fulfilling prophecy > negative WC achievement
52
Critique to any study
Think of other identities “ so and so don’t consider gender, ethnicity, social class “
53
Bowles and Gintis
Hidden curriculum - schools mirror work very closely due to hidden curriculum e.g., hierarchy
54
Gender Apartheid
In developing countries, boys and girls are separated which leads to gaps in knowledge
55
+ to digital revolution
Rapid responses to disasters Respond to Covid, new info UK emergency alert
56
Parsons
Schools allows people to transfer skills into work
57
GOV.UK GCSE stats
2020-21 : higher % of girls got grade 5 or above
58
Beechey
Women seen as reserve army of labour
59
Archer Et Al - hyper feminine girls
Girls may not do well in school due to focusing on boyfriends and appearances
60
1988 changes to national curriculum
Based on making schools more competitive (marketisation) and given parents a choice (parentocracy)
61
1980 education ACT
Gave parents the right to choose a school for their child - new right believe that’s putting them as consumers in an education market
62
Youth Training Scheme
On the job training course for those who left school aged 16 or 17 aiming to provide life skills
63
1986 national curriculum
First compulsory curriculum for all state schools O levels were changed to GCSES
64
New Right Core Aim
Improve school standards through marketisation
65
Case
Tech has become so large in people’s lives they are cyborgs (part human part machine)

Sociology - Education (1 decks)

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