education - class differences in achievement - material deprivation Flashcards
(7 cards)
in general who achieves the least in the education system?
•working class pupils in general achieve the less than middle class children in education.
•children who have parents of higher professions are almost twice as likely as children of manual workers to get five or more GCSE passes at grade 4 or above
what are cultural factors?
these include class differences in norms and values acquired through socialisation, attitudes to education and, speech codes etc
what are material factors?
these are the physical necessities of life, such as adequate housing, diet and income
how does material deprivation lead to educational failure?
material deprivation or poverty can cause working class underachievement because of factors such as
•inadequate housing - overcrowding, living in temporary accommodation. overcrowding can make it difficult for a child to somewhere quiet to do homework. temporary accommodation can mean frequent moves and changes of school, making it difficult for a child to academically catch up.
•poor diet - can lead to illness, which then leads to absences from school and lack of concentration in class due to hunger
callender and jackson
they found that working class students are more debt averse, meaning, they try and actively avoid debt. they see more costs than benefits in going to university and this ultimately influences their decisions.
howard
•diet and health
•howard argues that working class students are more likely to have a lower intake of energy, vitamins and minerals- weakening the immune system
•leading to lower concentration in class and more time off school
smith and noble
working class children have to do without equipment and miss out on experiences which could enhance their education achievement
for example:
•calculators
•internet
•books
•uniform
smith and noble call this “the costs of free schooling”
