Education - Class Differences In Education ( External Factors )

Question 1

Material Deprivation

Answer 1

-lack of resources and lack of ability to purchase goods and services including :
-resources which help to succeed
-resources making it easier to achieve

Question 2

Fact about Material Deprivation - MD

Answer 2

• barely 1/3 of kids on FSM achieve five or more GCSE including math and English

Question 3

Diet and Health: - MD

Answer 3

-Howard- young people from poor homes have less energy vitamins etc . Poor nutrition lead to poor health and less attendance.

Question 4

Housing - MD

Answer 4

-Poor housing can affect pupils achievement
-overcrowding means less room for educational activities eg hw
-Disturbed sleep and psychological distress
-Can cause ill health equals lower attendance

Question 5

Financial support & cost of education : - MD

Answer 5

-Lack of financial support means a lack of equipment and missing out an experience
FEAR OF DEBT
-May not go uni because of price
-Dropout rates higher for WC students and less likely to receive support financially

Question 6

Flaherty and Bull’s ideas linked with financial support and costs of education - MD

Answer 6

Bull - ‘ costs of free schooling ‘
Flaherty - ‘ stigma around people applying for FSM ‘

Question 7

Use of income - Material Deprivation

Answer 7

• educated parents have higher income
• better educated parents tend to have kids who succeed more at school
  Bernstein ‘ MC mothers are all likely to buy educational toys ‘

Question 8

Working Class Subculture (WCS)

Answer 8

-lack of parental interest in education reflects WC values
-Most WC have different beliefs than the rest of society hence why they are bad at school

Question 9

WCS - Sugarman 4 key features

Answer 9

-Time orientation
-Attitude to gratification
-collectivism vs individualism
-Attitude to luck

Question 10

Time orientation - WCS

Answer 10

-WC have present time orientation whereas MC might have future time orientation

Question 11

Attitude to gratification - WCS

Answer 11

WC seek immediate gratification however MC except deferred gratification

Question 12

Collectivism vs individualism - WCS

Answer 12

WC success achieved through collectivism , MC success achieved through individual action

Question 13

Attitude to luck - WCS

Answer 13

-WC believe your chances in life are based upon fate, MC believe you have to make your own luck

Question 14

Cultural Deprivation

Answer 14

-The centre for longitudinal studies states that by the age of 3 , kids from disadvantage backgrounds can be up to one year behind
-they acquire basic values, attitudes and skills through primary socialisation
-WC families failed to socialise their children adequately - ‘ culturally deprived ‘

Question 15

What are the three reasons why working class families failed to socialise their children?

Answer 15

Language, parent education and WC subculture

Question 16

Language - CD

Answer 16

• Parents must use challenging language to improve kids cognitive performance
  Feinstein’s - educated parents more likely to use challenging language

Question 17

Speech codes - Within language - CD

Answer 17

Bernstein conducted research exploring the relationship between speech buttons and class and came out with :
Elaborated speech - which is used by the middle-class Universalistic meanings
Restricted speech - used by the working class particularistic meaning

Question 18

Hirsch - CD

Answer 18

Students from better off backgrounds have a variety of advantages e.g. sport outside of school, more space at home

Question 19

Cultural capital - CC

Answer 19

This refers to knowledge, language and abilities of the middle-class

Question 20

What are the four types of cultural capital? - CC

Answer 20

-Educational , cultural , symbol and economic

Question 21

What did the educational maintenance allowance ( EMA ) do to try and help those that are culturally deprived

Answer 21

-EMP was when the government provided weekly payment to goals age 16 to 19 who came from low income families from 2004 to 2011. They received £30 a week.

Question 22

Compensatory education - this does not include the 4 but just an extra one -CD

Answer 22

-Aim tackle the problem of cultural deprivation
-intervene early in the socialisation process to compensate for deprivation at home
-Operation Headstart - provides early childhood education
-Education action zones - aimed to raise attendance in private areas

Question 23

Evaluation of material deprivation

Answer 23

-deterministic, some poor students achieve good grades
-Cultural factors have an impact, poor Chinese students achieve as well as rich Chinese students
-The government did not collect data for those eligible for FSM

Question 24

Evaluation of cultural capital

Answer 24

-Ignores influence of material factors in education
-Fails to fully acknowledge importance of racism in school and why different groups are treated differently

Question 25

Blackstone & Mortimore compensatory education

Answer 25

Parent attend fewer parent evenings as they have to work longer hours.

Question 26

What are the 4 things about material deprivation?

Answer 26

-diet and health -Housing -Financial support and cost of education -Use of income