Education- Ethnic differences

Question 1

what are 3 aspects of cultural deprivation with ethnic differences

Answer 1

i) intellectual and linguistic skills
ii) attitudes/values
iii) family structure/ parental support

Question 2

what did Lapton (2004) find about Asian families

Answer 2

adult authority and respectful behaviour mirrored that to schools

Question 3

what did Evans (2006) argue

Answer 3

street culture taught children to intimidate others

Question 4

who and why criticises the cultural deprivation theory

Answer 4

Driver (1977) criticises it for ignoring positive effects. Shows black girls have role models of strong independent women and so do better
Lawrence (1982) challenges Pryce’s view, instead arguing they fall behind due to racism

Question 5

what does Palmer argue in terms of material deprivation

Answer 5

• almost half of all ethnic minority children live in low income households
• ethnic minority households 3x more likely to be homeless

Question 6

reasons ethnic minorities may be at greater risk of material deprivation

Answer 6

• many live in economically depressed areas
• cultural factors prevent women working outside home

Question 7

what did Madood (2004) find about effects of low income

Answer 7

effects much less for white families than ethnic

Question 8

what did Rex (1986) show

Answer 8

discrimination meant minorities more likely to forced into substandard accommodation

Question 9

what did wood et al (2010) find

Answer 9

one in 16 ethnic minority applications offered follow up interviews compared to 1 in 9 white applicants

Question 10

what did Gillborn/Voudell find

Answer 10

teachers were quicker to discipline black pupils which they argue is due to teachers raised expectations

Question 11

what did Bourne (1994) find

Answer 11

schools tend to see boys as a threat

Question 12

what did Wright find

Answer 12

teachers assumed asian pupils didnt have a good grip on english language and they felt isolated when teachers pronounced their names wrong

Question 13

what did Archer (2008) find about identities linking to favoured identity

Answer 13

teacher’s dominant discourse defines ethnic minority pupils’ identities as lacking favoured identity of pupil

Question 14

what are the 3 different pupil identities that teachers discourse construct

Answer 14

ideal pupil identity
pathological pupil identity
demonised pupil identity

Question 15

what is the ideal pupil identity

Answer 15

white, middle class, masculinised identity with normal sexuality

Question 16

what is the pathological pupil identity

Answer 16

Asian, ‘deserving poor’, feminised identity, either asexual or an oppressed sexuality

Question 17

what is the demonised pupil identity

Answer 17

black/white, working class, hyper-sexualised identity

Question 18

what did Fullers’ (1984) study ofa group of black girls in year 11 show

Answer 18

1) pupils may still succeed even when they refuse to conform
2) negative labelling doesn’t necessarily lead to failure

Question 19

which study supports Fullers’ (1984) study

Answer 19

Mairtin Mac an Ghaills’

Question 20

what did Mirza (1992) find

Answer 20

teachers discouraged black girls from being ambitious. Discovered three types of racism

Question 21

what are the three types of racism Mirza discovered

Answer 21

Colour blind teachers
Liberal chauvinists
Overt racists

Question 22

what are colour blind teachers

Answer 22

teachers who believe all students are equal but allow racism to go unchallenged

Question 23

what are liberal chauvinists

Answer 23

teachers who believe black pupils are culturally deprived and so have low expectations

Question 24

who are overt racists

Answer 24

teachers who believe black people are inferior and discriminate

Question 25

what did Sewell focus on and what did he identify

Answer 25

focused on absent fathers and influence of peer groups. identified 4 responses

Question 26

what were the 4 responses to absent fathers and street culture that Sewell found

Answer 26

rebels conformists retreatists innovators

Question 27

who are the rebels

Answer 27

most influential group who rejected the school rules and believed in own superiority

Question 28

who are the conformists

Answer 28

group who are keen to succeed and have friends from all ethnic groups

Question 29

who are retreatists

Answer 29

tiny minority of isolated individuals disconnected from school and subculutres

Question 30

who are innovators

Answer 30

pro education but anti school, conform only as far as school work

Question 31

what is the critical race theory

Answer 31

sees racism as ingrained feature of society meaning it involves not just intentional actions of individuals but also institutional racism

Question 32

what does Gillborn (2008) argue about the critical race theory

Answer 32

sees racism as so deep rooted it is an inevitable feature of the education system

Question 33

what does Gillborn (1997) argue

Answer 33

marketisation gives schools more scope to select pupils allowing negative stereotypes to influence decisions

Question 34

what is the ethnocentric curriculum

Answer 34

description of how policy gives priority to culture of a particular culture

Question 35

what does Gillborn (2008) argue

Answer 35

'assessment game' is rigged so as to validate dominant cultures superiority