Education - external factors Flashcards
(25 cards)
1
Q
What is cultural deprivation?
A
- ‘Cultural equipment’ (basic values, attitudes & skills) needed for educational success through primary socialisation in family
2
Q
What does it mean to be culturally deprived?
A
- Lacking cultural equipment needed to do well in school therefore underachieving
3
Q
Language
A
- Hubbs-Tait et al 2002; where parents ask questions & use lang to challenge children to evaluate their own understanding, cognitive performance improves
- Lower class = gestures - incapable of abstract thinking
4
Q
Restricted speech code
A
- W/c -
- Limited vocabulary
- Based on short often unfinished grammatically simple sentences
- Predictable & may involve single work / gesture
- Descriptive
- Context bound - share same experiences as reader
5
Q
Elaborated speech code
A
- M/c
- Wider vocabulary
- Longer grammatically complex sentences
- More varied & communicates abstract ideas
- Context free
6
Q
Limitation of Bernsteins cultural deprivation theory
A
- Describes w/c speech = inadequate however most theorists recognise school influences children’s achievement
7
Q
Parents’ education - Douglas 1964
A
- Found w/c parents placed less value on education - less ambitious for children
8
Q
Parents’ education - Feinstein 2008
A
- Most imp factor affecting children’s achievement - m/c better educated = socialise children
9
Q
Parenting style
A
- Educated = consistent discipline
- Less = inconsistent - ‘behaving yourself’ - restricts independence & self control
10
Q
Parents’ educational behaviours
A
- Educated = better at child rearing, establishing good relations with teachers & better guiding children’s interactions in school
11
Q
Use of income - Bernstein & Young 1967
A
- M/c mothers = more likely to buy educational toys, books & activities to encourage reasoning skills & stimulate intellectual development
- W/c homes lack resources - therefore can’t progress
- Educated = better understanding of nutrition
12
Q
Class, income & parental education
A
- Feinstein; better educated = children more successful in school
13
Q
What is a working class subculture?
A
- Group whose attitudes & values differ from mainstream culture
14
Q
4 key features of working class subculture - Sugarman 1970
A
- Fatalism = belief in fate - favoured by w/c
- Collectivism = value being part of group more than succeeding as individual
- Immediate gratification = seeking pleasure now rather than later
- Present-tike orientation = seeking present as more imp than future
15
Q
Compensatory education
A
- Operation Head Start 1960s aim = planned enrichment of deprived child’s environment to develop skills & instil achievement motivation
- Sesame Street = provided means of transmitting values, attitudes & skills needed for educational success
16
Q
Myth of CD? - Keddie 1973
A
- Describes CD as myth & sees it as victim blaming exp
- Dismisses idea that failure at school can be blamed on culturally deprived home background
- Child cannot be deprived of own culture - w/c = culturally difference
17
Q
Material deprivation
A
- Poverty & lack of material necessities
18
Q
Housing
A
- Overcrowding = direct effect - less room for educational activities - less exploration
- Greater risk of accidents & illnesses (damp / cold) - psychological distress & infections
19
Q
Diet & health
A
- Howard 2001 - lower intakes of energy, vitamins & minerals - weak immune system = absences from school
20
Q
Financial support & cost of education
A
- Tanner et al 2003; extra costs on transport, uniform, books place heavy burden on poor families - hand me downs & unfashionable- bullied / stigmatised
- Smith & Noble 1995; poverty acts as barrier to learning in other ways - inability to afford private schooling / tuition
21
Q
Fear of debt
A
- Callender & Jackson 2005; w/c students = more in debt averse - see debt as something to be avoided
22
Q
Capital - Bourdieu 1984
A
- Uses concept to explain why m/c = more successful
23
Q
Cultural capital
A
- Lang, values, knowledge & abilities of m/c
- Through socialisation, m/c students acquire ability to grasp, analyse & express abstract ideas - more likely to develop intellectual interests
- What educational system requires for success - better at school
24
Q
Educational & economic capital
A
- Wealthy parents can convert economic into educational by sending children to private schools & paying extra tuition
25
Test of Bourdieu’s ideas - Sullivan 2001
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