Education - Gender Flashcards
(30 cards)
How do girls do when starting school compared to boys?
Girls are ahead of boys by 13.6% in teacher assessments across 5 aspects (physical, langauge, maths, personal, social, emotional). They were better at concentrating, A DfE study showed in state primary schools boys were 2.5% more likely to get special education needs.
How do girls do compared to boys when at KS1 TO KS3?
Girls do consistently better than boys especially in English where the gender gap widens with age. The gap is narrower with science and maths.
How do girls do compared to boys at GCSE and AS/A level?
GCSE - 3/4 got a pass at level 4 or above against 2/3 of goys’ grades.
AS or A level - gap gets narrower 53% girls got A star to B grades with 49.8% boys. Even in ‘boy’ subjects girls are more likely to do better.
How do girls do compared to boys at vocational studies?
larger proportion of girls achieve destinations in every subject including those such as engineering and construction where girls are a minority.
What are the 4 external factors?
- The impact of feminism
- Changes in the family
- Changes in women’s employment
- Girls’ changing ambitions
What does the feminist movement strive to achieve?
Women are breaking through glass ceiling that keeps them out of high level professional jobs. Equality and gender change. 1970 Equality pay act made it illegal to pay women less than men for work for equal value.
How might changes affect girls in education?
Girls see future as paid work rather than housewife. Greater career opportunities and better pay. Role models successful women offer incentive for girls to gain qualifications.
How have changes been achieved?
Laws enabling women to succeed like 1970 equal pay act or 1975 sex discrimination act.
What evidence is there of change as a result of feminist movement?
women employement from 53% in 1971 to 72% in 2020. Pay gap in genders form 30% to 15%. Full times employment under 40. Flexible part time work and service sector.
What evidence is there to prove that there has been a gradual move away from traditional family structures?
An increase in divorce rate
An increase in cohabitation and decrease in first marriage
n increase in number of lone parents families
smaller family sizes
Why do sociologists claim that changes in the family has an impact on girls within education?
increased numbers of female headed lone parent families may mean more women need to take the breadwinner role
creates a new adult role model for girls
financially independent women need well paid jobs and good qualifications
higher divorce rate meaning girls see it unwise to depend on husband and make a living themselves
What are 4 sociologists with concepts for changing ambitions?
Sharpe
O’Connoe
Beck-Gernsheim
Fuller (2011)
What was Sharpe’s concept?
girls are more likely to see their future as an independent woman with a career rather than dependent on their husband and his income
O’Connor and Beck-Gernsheim, what did they say?
study of 14-17 year olds found thar marriage and children were not a major part of women’s life plan
beck Gernsheim - individualisation where independence is valued more strongly. A career is a woman’s life project as it promises recognition and economic self sufficiency
What was Fuller’s idea?
educational success was a central aspect of their identity, they saw themselved as creators of their own future and individualised notion of self meritocracy. Aimed for a professional career. Aspire to get qualification unlike girls in 1970s.
What does Reay argue?
some working class girls still have stereotyped aspiraitons of marriage with children which forces them into low paid work. The attainment of marriage is tangible and gives girls status
What does Biggart argue?
womena re more likely to find themseves in a financially unstable position due to precarious labour market. Motherhood viable option, little point in succeeding in education lowering expectations of working class girls
What is meant by WISE and GIST?
WISE = women into science and engineering
GIST - girls into science and technology
Whst was the purpose of introducing the national curriculum in 1988?
encourage girls to pursue careers in more traditional areas.
female scientists have visited schools as role models - efforts made to increase science teachers’ awareness of gender issues, non sexist career advice, and learning materials in science reflect girls interest
How have there been positive role models in schools?
AN increas ein the amount of female head teachers although there is still a noticeable difference between amle and female head teachers in primary and secondary schools. Increasing women in positions of power and importance act as positive role models for young girls/
Who are the sociologists that looked at theories synonymous to GCSE and coursework contributing girl’s achievement in school?
Gorard
Mitsos and Borwn
Elwood
What was gorard’s theory?
Gender constant from 1975-1989 the years when GCSE was introduced with coursework as major in all subjects, gender gap in achievement is a product of changed system of assessment rather than any more failing boys
What was the theory of Mitsos and Brown?
Support - girls are more successful in coursework as they are conscientious and organised. Spend more time on work well presented meet deadlines, and bring right materials to class
What was the theory of Elwood?
coursework has some influence unliekyl to be the only cause of gender gap exams have more influence than coursework on final grade
