Education Policies: Policies to achieve greater Equality of Opportunity

Question 1

Policies to achieve greater Equality of Opportunity

Answer 1

-Comprehensive Schools
-EMA
-Compensatory Education
-Excellence in Cities
-Academies
-Pupil Premium

Question 2

Comprehensive Schools: When were they introduced?

Answer 2

1965

Question 3

Comprehensive Schools: Aims

Answer 3

-To provide a school for all students no matter their background or ability
-Improve social mobility

Question 4

Comprehensive Schools: What will improving social mobility enable?

Answer 4

Children from all backgrounds to improve their social standing in society so WC children have the same opportunities to succeed as MC

Question 5

Comprehensive Schools: How are most schools today comprehensive in character?

Answer 5

They do not formally select students by ability

Question 6

Comprehensive Schools AO3: Still a class divide

Answer 6

-Schools reflect the catchment area - schools in MC areas are full of MC pupils
-Comprehensive schools in MC areas tend to be more popular than those on WC which are usually underperforming

Question 7

Comprehensive Schools AO3: Streaming and Setting

Answer 7

-Reproduces inequality
-WC students do not fit the ideal pupil so teachers assume they are less able and place them in bottom sets

Question 8

EMA (Education Maintenance Allowance)(Labour Government): When was it introduced?

Answer 8

1999

Question 9

EMA: Why was it introduced?

Answer 9

Introduced to encourage students from disadvantaged backgrounds to study post-16

Question 10

EMA: Explain

Answer 10

Students from low income families were given money if they stayed in education post-16

Question 11

EMA: How did this benefit WC

Answer 11

Overcame the barrier of material deprivation, helping them cover travel, dinner, books and encouraging equality of opportunity

Question 12

EMA AO3: University tuition fees

Answer 12

-At the same time as introducing EMA, the government increased University fees
-WC were encouraged to stay in education but economically excluded from university due to material deprivation

Question 13

Compensatory Education (Labour Government): When was it introduced

Answer 13

1990’s

Question 14

Compensatory Education: Aim

Answer 14

Helping all children to achieve no matter their background

Question 15

Compensatory Education: Define

Answer 15

Extra services and programmes to help children from disadvantaged backgrounds achieve in school

Question 16

Compensatory Education: Examples

Answer 16

-Free School Meals: ensure all children eat a nutritious school dinner to help them concentrate
-Breakfast Clubs: prevent children from going hungry

Question 17

Compensatory Education AO3: Negative Stereotyping

Answer 17

Some WC pupils do not take FSM so to the stigma, they are worried they will be bullied by others

Question 18

Compensatory Education AO3: FMS during holidays

Answer 18

-Children eat nutritious meals at schools but during the holidays many children have to go without
-Families are forced to turn to food banks
-FSM have limited impact in aiding concentration on homework and revision

Question 19

Excellence in Cities (Labour Government): When was it introduced?

Answer 19

1999

Question 20

Excellence in Cities: Aim

Answer 20

Raise the aspirations of WC students living in inner city areas

Question 21

Excellence in Cities: Explain

Answer 21

Another form of compensatory education targeting deprived areas

Question 22

Excellence in Cities: What do schools do?

Answer 22

-Schools work closely with local businesses who give talks and lectures run outreach programmes

Question 23

Excellence in Cities: Example

Answer 23

“Lawyers in Schools” programme: involved lawyers going into schools are running sessions to raise aspirations

Question 24

Academies (Labour Government): What were they introduced to do?

Answer 24

Tackle underperforming schools

Question 25

Academies: Sponsored Academies

Answer 25

When failing schools are turned into academies to raise standards e.g Sirius North and West

Question 26

Academies: Sponsored Academy aims

Answer 26

Encourage greater equality of opportunity, improving the education of WC students previously stuck in failing “sink” schools

Question 27

Pupil Premium (Coalition Government): What was it introduced to do?

Answer 27

Helping disadvantaged children in schools

Question 28

Pupil Premium: Explain

Answer 28

Schools receive extra money for students from low income backgrounds

Question 29

Pupil Premium: What is the money used for?

Answer 29

To find trips and educational experiences for children who would otherwise miss out

Question 30

Pupil Premium: Aims

Answer 30

-Overcome material deprivation -Give WC children opportunities to develop cultural capital e.g school trips

Question 31

Pupil Premium AO3: What do schools often do with the money?

Answer 31

Spend it on other things such as marketisation (prospectuses and open days)