education policy Flashcards
(26 cards)
What year was the Tripartite System introduced and what were its aims?
-1944
-Try stop class divide
-Meritocracy: should achieve status in life through hard work and effort not born into it
What year was the Comprehensive system introduced and what were its aims?
-1965
-Overcome class divide left from Tripartite system
-Make more meritocratic
How did the Tripartite System work?
(3 school types)
-selected and allocated to one of 3 secondary skl types
- according to aptitudes and abilities
1. Technical skls - often WC
2.Grammar skl - need 11+ ( girls need higher) -often UC
3.Secondary Modern skls - practical skills
How did the Comprehensive system work?
replacements? requirements?what still exist?
-Grammar and secondary moderns replaced by comprehensive skls that all could attend
-catchment areas intro
-Grammar skls still exist despite laws
Strengths of Tripartite System
-Meritocratic, allow able children from range of cross backgrounds to flourish
Strengths of Comprehensive System
-promote social integration by bringing all types together in one skl, no longer separated at young age
Limitations of Tripartite System
-legitimises inequality, through notion that ability is inborn rather than product of Childs achievement
-discriminated against girls (req higher 11+)
-reproduced class inequality by channelling 2 social classes into two types of skl
Limitations of Comprehensive System
-Many comprehensives streamlined into ability groups
-“myth of meritocracy” bc appeared was equality and same education levels despite class background but was not
- still ends up separating children by class
what is the Marketisation of Education?
& an e.g
-the process of introducing market forces such as consumer choice and competition into education
-parentocracy
what is Parentocracy?
How does it drive up standards?
-a form of marketisation of education where parents have consumer choice to choose what skl their child attends
- Skls want parent vote so sold compete as a result driving up overall educational standards -NR APPROACH
how does open enrolment act as a marketisation/parentocracy?
allowing successful schools to recruit more pupils, creating competition between all schools driving up standards
examples of marketisation/ parentocracy policies
(9)
-league tables&ofsted reports allow parents to distinguish between skls
-formula funding- more popular skls get more funding
-open enrolment
-specialist schools-allow more specific choice
-tuition fees- pay if want higher education
-acadamies
-free skls
-business sponsorship of skls-inc reputation
what is cream skimming?
-‘good’ skls can be more selective bc they are oversocialsed(popular) so can choose their customers and recruit high achieving mainly Mc pupils
what is silt shifting?
-‘good’ skls can avoid taking less able students who are likely to get bad results and damage the skls league table position
What is a sink school?
-The produce of formula funding as all the good students are taken up by better skls meaning they receive more funding, so poorer skls get worse as less popular “sink”
What is the funding formula?
-skls are allocated funds by a formula based on how many students they attract
What is Gewritz study?
what are the 3 types of choosers?
14 London skls, found differences in parents’ economic and cultural capital led to class differences in how far they could exercise their choice of secondary skls
-privelleged-skilled choosers
-Disconnected local- choosers
-semi-skilled choosers
what are privileged skilled choosers?
-professional MC workers
-used economic and cultural capital to gain educational capital for their children
- leads to making better choices, better understanding and skls, better outcome
What are disconnected local choosers?
-WC parents whose choices are restricted by cultural and educational capital
-find it difficult to understand procedures, cost of travel is a restriction to skl choice so nearest skl is their only option
-less able to manipulate the system to their advantage distance
what are semi-skilled choosers?
-mainly WC
-ambitious for their children but lacked only cultural capital, struggled to make sense of the education market so had to rely on other ppls opinions on skls
What is the Myth of Parentocracy?
claim that in reality some parents have a much wider choice on what skl to go to than others
-class difference in parental choice, limits real choice, the skl increasing choice is an illusion to make it seem as if its fair
what is privatisation?
e.g of private companies involved in education
involves the transfer of public assets such as schools to private companies
-pearson- revision guides
-providing supply teachers
-mini bus driver
-text books
-food and cleaning catering
what is the ESI and what does it involve?
-Education service Industry
-Private companies who provide a number of services to skls such as educational services
What are PPPs and why do local authorities use them?
- what type of skls take these up?
-examples of PPP
-Public Private Partnership
-sink skls use them
- partnership between public sector and the private sector for the purpose of delivering a project or service
-extremely exploitative
-gymnasiums, building?playground work
-local authorities use bc they give them funding for up to 25yrs
