Education- Policy

Question 0

(1) Comprehensivisation

(2) New vocationalism

Answer 0

(1) Labour 1964-1979- mixed ability teaching

(2) Conservatives 1979-1997- to promote practical skills, reduce high youth unemployment

Question 1

The tripartite system

Answer 1

(1) grammar schools- academic education
(2) secondary modern
(3) technical colleges- not universal

Question 2

1988 Education Reform Act featured:

Answer 2

Ofsted inspections, exam league tables, funding formula, sponsorships, open enrolment,

Question 3

Marketisation

Answer 3

Schools run like business, increase in competition and choice, have to attract customers

Question 4

Parentocracy

Answer 4

Power shifts away from teachers to parents, encourages diversity and gives parental choice
Parental choice is a myth- social class(more knowledge of the education system), catchment areas, selection by mortgage

Question 5

Funding formula

Answer 5

Based on how many pupils schools attract- certain amount of money per student

Question 6

National college for school leadership

Answer 6

New labour policy, developed to improve head teacher standard, improving quality of workforce to secure high standards of behaviour and attendance

Question 7

Educational triage

Answer 7

Gillbourn and Youdell
(1) those who will pass anyway
(2) those with the potential to pass/borderlines
(3) hopeless cases
Because of the A to C economy, teachers tend to focus on the borderlines
This leads to mostly negative labelling

Question 8

Selection by mortgage

Answer 8

Aspiring people not financially advanced can’t get their children into good schools because they don’t live within the expensive, middle class catchment areas

Question 9

Will Bartlett

Answer 9

(1) silt shifting- off loading pupils with learning difficulties who are expensive to teach and will get poor results
(2) cream skimming- selecting higher ability pupils who gain the best results and are not expensive to teach

Question 10

Compensatory education definition

Answer 10

New Labour

Tackling problems of cultural deprivation by providing extra resources to schools and communities in deprived areas

Question 11

Compensatory education featured:

Answer 11

Education action zones, education mainlanders allowance, aim higher programme, city academies

Question 12

EAZs

Answer 12

Education action zones- late 90s, more money for deprived, underachieving areas

Question 13

EMA

Answer 13

Education maintenance allowance- students under a certain home income in full time education got extra money if they attended college
Encouraged poorer students to attend college- increase in diversity of social class
Has now been abolished- increase inequality and teenagers don't want to stay as much (it is now compulsory however attitudes towards education would change)

Question 14

City academies

Answer 14

Directly funded by the government but not under the education local authority, these academies were created in low achieving areas to raise standards, usually specialist schools intending to be “creative” and “innovative”- schools were able to focus in their good skills
Academies under the coalition completely changed increasing inequality
Marxists would say that academies were created for the bourgeoise as sponsors were able to influence the curriculum and ethos

Question 15

Aim higher

Answer 15

Programme that provided information to encourage children to consider the benefits of higher education, aimed at children whose parents didn’t go onto higher education
Has now been abolished

Question 16

Diversification and specialisation

Answer 16

New labour- schools were encouraged to apply for specialist school status, by 2007 85% of secondary schools were specialist schools, results were better in specialist schools
Specialist schools offer greater choice and raise standards by enabling schools to build on their strengths
Unclear if it reduced inequality

Question 17

Post-fordism

Answer 17

Response to de-industrialisation- (Thompson) schools can break free from the oppressive uniformity/mass education system, education has become customise to meet different needs of society (faith schools, range of subject choices, specialist schools), adapted skills are needed for the advanced technology
Critics of post-fordism argue that diversity is over exaggerated (national curriculum)

Question 18

New Labor proposal

Answer 18

To raise leaving age to 18 by 2015 so there would be no NEETs, this has been changed in 2013 by the coalition
Students are now forced to continue with education

Question 19

Trowler

Answer 19

Increased funding of state education, raising standards and focusing on a ‘learning society. Is evidence of Labour’s commitment to reductions educational inequality

Question 20

Free schools

Answer 20

All ability state funded which are set up by groups of parents, teachers charities etc in order to improve education, directly funded by the central government
Free schools tend to be selective and there will be a greater underlying segregation between the rich and the poor (lower rates of pupils eligible for free school meals in free schools)

Question 21

Coalition academies

Answer 21

Funds are direct from central government and not under the control of the local education authority- money that has been held back by the LEA can be used to provide extra services for children with special education needs for example (range from 4-10% of all funds)
This increases diversity in the aspect of ability