Education Reforms Flashcards
(18 cards)
1
Q
When and what was the Fisher Education Act?
A
1918
- Increased the school leaving age to 14.
- Nursery schools provided for toddlers, free compulsory health checks for secondary schools.
- Punished those who employed schoolchildren.
2
Q
What was the impact of Fisher’s Education Act?
A
- Few nursery and contribution schools were actually provided due to the Geddes Axe cuts in 1922, which slashed education spending by 1/3.
3
Q
When was the National Schools and British Schools Act?
A
1908 - 1811
4
Q
What did the National and British Schools Act do?
A
- Public schools - National schools in England and Wales.
- Joined to the church of England - curriculum was largely based around religious education.
- Provided elementary education for the poor - All ages were taught.
- Access to primary schools rose from 58% in 1816 to 83% in 1835.
5
Q
When was the Grammar Schools Act?
A
1840
6
Q
What did the Grammar School Act achieve?
A
- Grammar Schools were allowed to vary their curriculum with access to more money.
- State-run - beginning of state intervention in education.
- Wealthy middles classes attended.
- Academic exams were introduced - there were also specific boarding schools for preparing students for careers in services and administration.
7
Q
When was the Public Schools Act?
A
1868
8
Q
What did the Public Schools Act achieve?
A
- Public schools.
- Charity-run schools originally.
- All years welcome - all ages.
- The Act led to the reintroduction of 7 out of the 9 leading charity-run schools, not led by the Church and State (different governing boards).
9
Q
When was the Taunton Report?
A
1868
10
Q
What did the Tauton Report achieve?
A
- Public, Grammar and Private school.
- Run by the government.
- Upper, middle and working class attended.
- Children were separated into grades depending on their social and financial status.
+“1st grade” - Stayed on until 18.
+“2nd grade” - Attended up until 16 years old.
+“3rd grade” - Left school at 14.
11
Q
When was the Endowed Schools Act?
A
1869
12
Q
What did the Endowed Schools Act achieve?
A
- Grammar, public and private sectors separated.
- Run by the government.
- A fee was introduced for middle class education - Grammar schools. This led to an increase in Grammar schools.
- The Act allowed the government to address the issues of Grammar and working class schools.
13
Q
When was the Elementary Education Act (The Forester Act)?
A
1870
14
Q
What did the Elementary Act achieve?
A
- Board schools - public.
- State funded.
- Provided compulsory schooling for 5-10 year olds as well as schooling for all children from all backgrounds.
- Schools were fee paying, unless you qualified as being “poor”.
- The curriculum was limited to the “3 R’s” - Reading, Writing and Arithmetic).
- By 1900, Board Schools accounted for half of all primary schools in the country.
15
Q
When was the Education Act (Balfour Act)?
A
1902
16
Q
What did the Balfour Act achieve?
A
- Churches taught 1/3 of all primary children.
- Allowed all schools (State, church-run and charity-run) to raise taxes and obtain more funds.
- All ages attended - new curriculum available to everyone.
- The school leaving age was raised to 11 in 1893, 12 in 1899 and 14 in 1921.
- Led to 1000 new county secondary schools.
17
Q
When was the Butler Act?
A
1944
18
Q
What did the Butler Act achieve?
A
- Promised secondary education for all.
- Attempted to achieve this goal by raising the school leaving age and dividing the all-age elementary education into primary and secondary schools.
