Education Theorists

Question 1

Bourdieu

Answer 1

3 types of capital:educational, economic, cultural

Question 2

Bernstein

Answer 2

Elaborated and restricted speech codes

Question 3

Sugarman

Answer 3

4 beliefs that block educational success from lower classes:fatalism, collectivism, immediate gratification, present time orientation

Question 4

Howard

Answer 4

Diet and health- poor homes=less energy=weakened immune system=time off school.

Question 5

Tanner

Answer 5

Cost of education (e.g transport, books, calculators etc) expensive for working class families

Question 6

Keddie

Answer 6

Children aren’t culturally deprived just culturally different

Question 7

Becker(labelling)

Answer 7

Interviewed 60 Chicago high school teachers and found teachers saw middle class pupils as being the ideal pupil and working class pupils as being the furthest away from the ideal pupil

Question 8

Gillborn and Youdell (steaming)

Answer 8

Educational triage-
Pass anyway, borderline, hopeless cases

Question 9

Rosenthal and Jacobsen (SFPs)

Answer 9

‘Spurters experiment’ 47% ‘identified’ made significant progress, teacher belief’s improved achievement.

Question 10

Rist ( labelling)

Answer 10

Tiger- fast learners, middle class, clean
Clowns and cardinals- working class, given less opportunities

Question 11

Lacey

Answer 11

Differentiation- when teachers categorise pupils based on their perceived ability
Polarisation- in response to streaming pupils move to opposite poles, pro or anti school subcultures

Question 12

Archer

Answer 12

Feminist
Nike identities

Question 13

Breiter and Engelman

Answer 13

Language spoken by low income black American families is inadequate for educational success

Question 14

Sewell

Answer 14

It isn’t the absence of fathers but lack of fatherly nurturing that effects fatherless boys

Question 15

Woods et al

Answer 15

Sent 3 closely matched job applications in 1000 job vacancies and found only 1/16 ethnic minority applicants received an interview compared to 1/9 ‘white’ applicants

Question 16

Gillborn

Answer 16

It’s not peer pressure but institutional racism within the system which leads to failure of black boys

Question 17

Sharpe

Answer 17

Interviewed girls in 1974 who said they aspire to get married and have kids in the future compared to 1990 when girls wanted a career

Question 18

McRobbie

Answer 18

Magazines in 1970s emphasised marriage compared to careers in 1990s

Question 19

Epstein(laddish subcultures)

Answer 19

Working class boys were harassed and negatively labelled if they appear to be swots, working class masculinity is constructed on being tough.

Question 20

Mac and Ghail

Answer 20

Male gaze is the way male students and teachers look at girls, seeing them as sexual objects

Question 21

Gerwirtz

Answer 21

3 types of parents choosing secondary schools: privileged skilled choosers, disconnected local choosers, semi-skilled choosers

Question 22

Ball

Answer 22

Privatisation is becoming the key factor in shaping educational policy

Question 23

Parsons

Answer 23

School bridges the gap between home and wider society

Question 24

Davis and Moore

Answer 24

Role allocation

Question 25

Althusser

Answer 25

Repressive state apparatus- the institutions and structures that the ruling class uses to maintain power by force and coercion Ideological state apparatus- institutions and practices that aren’t directly part of the SRA that help maintain and legitimise the ruling classes power by shaping people’s beliefs, values and consciousness

Question 26

Chubb and Moe

Answer 26

Believe state run education in America has failed, propose an educational voucher system