educational policies

Question 1

tripartite system / butler act

Answer 1

1944
11 + exam - aimed to make education system egalitarian but weren’t successful
- pass = grammar skl
- fail = secondary modern - practical, non academic curriculum, prepared for manual work
- secondary technical - existed in only a few areas, barely recruited any
EV: bowles x gintis - myth of meritocracy

Question 2

comprehensive act

Answer 2

1965
tried to end class based system , aimed to provide equal opportunities for all children
- universal access to education
- entrance is not based on tests but mixed ability
grammer skls still existed but LEA’s in m/c areas opted not to change these skls to comprehensive

Question 2

education act

Answer 2

1988
- aimed to create educational market & increase competition between skls to drive up standards
introduced: league tables, open enrolment, formula funding, national curriculum
- skls used advertising to recruit students
increased consumer choice thru - parentocracy + marketisation
- league tables + ofsted helped parents choose skls
- national curriculum introduced, first time boys + girls received the same education

were successful in terms of improving competition but not improving quality of education e.g. labelling, educational triage etc

Question 3

new labour

Answer 3

1997
aimed to reduce inequality + increase diversity + choice within education system
- introduced academies, EMA’s, more vocational choice, national literacy strategy, aim higher, education action zones + resources
-reduced class sizes + taught essential skills e.g. IT,, 1 hr of reading + numeracy
- ema paid low income students to stay in post 16
aim higher - help those that are under represented

EV: TNR - skls failed to teach skills properly
- EMA’s were expensive so later cut - marxists : take away policies to benefit capitalism + cut costs

Question 4

conservative coalition

Answer 4

2010
- aimed to introduce more choice, competition + efficiency to education market
- less state control and support marketisation
- cut education budget + abolished EMAs, tripled uni fees to £9000 a year & this has since increased to £9,250
- skls encouraged to become academies + become less reliant on govt, also introduced free skls 2011
- compulsory education till 18 + no more coursework
+ pupil premium

EV: Allen - skl only benefits m/c or highly educated families
- pupil premium didn’t help poor students
- ema scrapped = lowered stay on rate of formal education

Question 5

Tory’s

Answer 5

2015
austerity (economic conditions that aimed to reduce public expenditure) + funding cuts for average of 8%
increased number of grammar skls

Question 6

globalisation + policies

Answer 6

• increase in TNCs = increase use of tech in education + expansion of educational companies e.g. exam boards - Pearson = globally recognised, 120 countries - parsons universalistic standards?
• GIST - girls in science + tech
  PISA Global rankings- global league table allows skls to compete internationally, want 2 be best in the globe - marketisation + competition
  , teacher training 2012 - Finland
• policies based on what works globally

Question 7

influence of other countries

Answer 7

multiculturalism in curriculum + greater awareness of other cultures - celebrating other festivals e.g. Diwali, Eid,, decolonising ethnographic centric curriculum
- borrowed skls from abroad - free skls, academies - USA, privatisation + marketisation - USA
tackle inequality - levelling playing field for students in inner city skls
- PISA global rankings

Question 8

strengths of international comparisons

Answer 8

• Oates 2013 useful to show what is possible for students to achieve @ diff ages
• useful to see educational spending matches achievement e.g. Finland more successful but spends less than the UK
• may not be using expenditure efficiently
• PISA - raises skl standards + increases consumer choice + marketisation e.v. ball - parentocracy
• a- c economy