Eduction and Extra

Question 1

Criticism of Durkheim

Answer 1

Assume society has shared culture - multicultural

Question 2

Parsons

Answer 2

Family socialisation based on particularistic standards; Universalistic Standards in School
Teach - value of achievement + value of equality of opportunity

Question 3

Bowles and Gintis

Answer 3

Study 237 NY seniors - grade related to personality
Jug and mug - knowledge poured into empty mugs
Sample of individuals with similar IQs- wide range of attainment
‘Education reproduces inequality by justifying privilege and attributing poverty to personal failure’

Question 4

Bowled and Gintis Criticism

Answer 4

Influence of formal curriculum

Question 5

Willis

Answer 5

Learning to Labour
Counter school cultures- lads - their very rejection of school made them suitable for male, unskilled manual work. - transform into shop-floor culture
Penetrate some of the lies of the elites

Question 6

Rikowski

Answer 6

Education commodity

UK company Nord Anglia - Int’l School Division of Nord Anglia Education PLC operates schools all over the world

Question 7

Usher

Answer 7

Postmodernity
Education liberates from ignorance + realize potential
Metanarratives
Adult education - decentring of knowledge; decentring of self

Question 8

Apple

Answer 8

Administrative knowledge most important

Channel One TV for class - business propaganda

Question 9

Postmodernism Criticism

Answer 9

National Curriculum - centralisation - less choice
Little empirical evidence
Ignore powerful economic and political forces

Question 10

Ball et al

Answer 10

15 schools - 3 neighbouring local educational authorities

Successful schools - complacent

Question 11

Gewirtz

Answer 11

Privileged/ Skilled choosers
Semi-skilled choosers - inclination but limited capacity
Disconnected choosers

Question 12

Glatter, Woods, Bagley

Answer 12

Marketization of schooling

Local factors determine how the educational market operates

Question 13

Finn

Answer 13

Youth training schemes - restrict number of people who join trade unions
Cheap labour + no social unrest

Question 14

McKnight

Answer 14

Education Action Zones helped KS1 but not beyond

Question 15

Tomllison

Answer 15

Labour narrowed education to an economic function - teach to test
‘Critiques of the narrowing of education to economic ends want to reclaim education as a humanizing, liberalizing, democratic force’

Question 16

Youth Cohort Study

Answer 16

Series of longitudinal surveys based on large samples

Question 17

Klineberg

Answer 17

Western IQ tests to Yakima Native Americans - their culture does not value speed = did not finish in time

Question 18

Gillborn and Youdell

Answer 18

Intelligence replaced by ability

A to C economy - discrimination

Question 19

Sugarman

Answer 19

Subculture orientations: fatalism; immediate gratification; present-time orientation; collectivism

Question 20

Evans

Answer 20

Fieldwork- London - most parents value education but only middle class are able to incorporate learning in play
Social variation model - see differences rather than deficiencies

Question 21

Bernstein

Answer 21

Pictures - 5yo - stories - working class did not voice meaning {football breaking glass}
Pictures of food - working class classified personal meaning - upper class abstract ideas

Question 22

Bernstein Criticism

Answer 22

Social class vague
Lumps together all non-manual workers into a middle class

Question 23

Bourdieu

Answer 23

Tastes: Legitimate; Middlebrow; Popular

Question 24

Habitus

Answer 24

Disposition, tastes and expectations of the social group to which individuals belong

Question 25

Bordieu

Answer 25

The more widespreaded a qualification, the more it is devalued = stratify universities

Question 26

Sullivan

Answer 26

Survey - school leaving age Successful - read more complex fictions/ more sophisticated drama Correlated with parental cultural capital

Question 27

Poverty Penalty

Answer 27

Negative effects of poverty

Question 28

McKnight

Answer 28

Poverty Penalty does not affect Chinese

Question 29

Heargraves

Answer 29

Stages of typing/ classification: Speculation; Working Hypothesis; Elaboration; Stabilisation

Question 30

Rist

Answer 30

Table 1- most able; Table 2 and 3 - the rest

Question 31

Rosenthal and Jacobson Criticism

Answer 31

``` Did not observe interactions in the class IQ tests used were of dubious quality + improperly adminstered ```

Question 32

Fuller

Answer 32

Female + Black - girls resented negative label = want to prove them wrong

Question 33

Mac An Ghaill

Answer 33

Working class Y11: Macho Lads Academic Achievers New Entreprisers

Question 34

Gender Gap Criticism

Answer 34

Exam results show boys have progressed over the past 50y. | The gap is closing in recent years.

Question 35

Sharpe

Answer 35

``` 1970 -working class girls priorities unlikely to encourage them educationally 1990 - priorities changed ```

Question 36

Best

Answer 36

``` 132 books Heroes: 94 male; 44 female Female: family situations Occupations: 69 men; 18 women Some non traditional roles: female sailor, male babysitter Does not reveal effect ```

Question 37

Licht and Dweck

Answer 37

Girls lack confidence in their ability to carry out intellectual tasks Boys shrug off failured Girls blame themselves for failures and attribute success to luck Boys get more criticism

Question 38

Beck

Answer 38

The second modernity - rick, uncertainty, individualisation = financial independence + career reflect identity

Question 39

Francis and Skelton

Answer 39

Concern with male behaviour - moral panic among newspapers and politicians

Question 40

Jackson

Answer 40

Laddish behaviour - self defence - feminisation of work + labeling

Question 41

Epstein et al

Answer 41

The poor boys discourse - victims | The boys will be boys discourse

Question 42

Francis and Skelton

Answer 42

The problem boys discourse - anti-learning | The at risk boys discourse -vulnerable, disconnected = macho outer shell

Question 43

Modood

Answer 43

Ethnic minorities might have cultural capital - they jobs in UK were depressed - downward mobility

Question 44

Blair

Answer 44

Majority of teachers are well intentioned + not consciously racist

Question 45

Coard

Answer 45

Disproportionate number of black carib in educationally subnormal - wrongly placed

Question 46

Wright

Answer 46

Staff committed to equality Assumed Asians had poor command of english Disapprove Asian girls seeking privacy when changing for PE

Question 47

Mirza

Answer 47

``` Types of Teachers: Overt Racists The Christians - colour blind The Crusaders - active anti-racists The Liberal Chauvinists - wanted to help but help was patronising ```

Question 48

Educational Triage

Answer 48

Used in events of a disaster, whereby patients are prioritised. Hopless cases are left to die.

Question 49

Sewell

Answer 49

``` Black Studnets: Conformists Innovators -education important, school rejected Retreatists - loners Rebels - Jamaican Yard Man ```

Question 50

Archer

Answer 50

Muslim Boys - proud, strong masculine identity, black is cool, not identify with UK, future breadwinners