Edward I

Question 1

Fiona Watson

• J W N T B F N S U T E S A I W C N S O W C H S T E K
• E _ D U T G C T P A L F T T O T S K

Answer 1

• John was not to blame for not standing up to Edward sooner as it was clear nothing short of war could have stopped the English king.
• Edward I deliberately used the Great Cause to provide a legal framework to take over the Scottish Kingdom.

Question 2

Steve Boardman

• J T T A H O P A S K A T G E, B W F W O O T M P K I W E I E _

Answer 2

• John tried to assert his own power as Scottish king and to govern effectively, but was faced with one of the most powerful kings in Western Europe in Edward I.

Question 3

Ranald Nicholson

• E P O T F O T W W, O L T I T S B F _

Answer 3

• Edward played on the fears of those who wavered, offering lenient terms if they submitted by February 1304.

Question 4

Wendy Stevenson

• T T O B W R F I D, T F O I K, A R A D M O E _ F T S
• T T O T T O B S T T S D N T E _, E A H C A T O W

Answer 4

• the Treaty of Birgham was remarkable for its day, the first of its kind, and reflected a deep mistrust of Edward I from the Scots.
• the terms of the Treaty of Birgham show that the Scots did not trust Edward I, especially after his conquest and treatment of Wales

Question 5

Michael Prestwich

• S W E _ V - H S I H A A F T D A S T D W T S W A F R O B
• T G C W A T F E _, P T S T A H C Y D O T S W T R O L

Answer 5

• Scotland was Edward I’s Vietnam — he sent in huge armies and failed to develop a strategy to deal with the Scots who after Falkirk refused open battle.
• the Great Cause was a triumph for Edward I, pressurising the Scots to accept his control yet deciding on the succession within the rule of law.

Question 6

Edward Cowan

• L W K F R, W H A G T A L H, B G H T G B I T D O E _

Answer 6

• luck was key for Robert, which held at Glen Trool and Loudoun Hill, but gave him the greatest break in the death of Edward I.

Question 7

Michael Penman

• I W E _ A T F C B A A K A H E H J R

Answer 7

• it was Edward I’s agenda that fatally compromised Balliol’s authority as king as he exploited his jurisdiction ruthlessly.

Question 8

Colm McNamee

• E T O S S I, I A A U O A L P I S W M H S

Answer 8

• Edward trampled over Scotland’s separate identity, ignoring an acceptable union or a limited presence in Scotland which might have succeeded.

Question 9

Peter Traquair

Answer 9

• Takes the view that Edward had not planned past his initial conquest and his heavy-handed ‘colonial policy’ made further fighting inevitable.

Question 10

Michael Brown

Answer 10

• Takes the view that Edward was determined to exercise his authority as King, forcing John to accept his subordinate position.
• Takes the view that middle ranking Scots saw Edward as a direct threat to their security and so were prepared to take up arms.
• Takes the view that the Scottish Guardians and claimants all looked to Edward to settle the conflict and help them avoid civil war.

Question 11

Marc Morris

Answer 11

• Takes the view that Edward was prepared to repeatedly change his approach in order to secure his authority over Scotland.