Edward III Flashcards
(16 cards)
Reign of Edward III
1327 - 1377
Minority government of 1327 - 1330
- distribution of Despenser and Arundel lands to themselves and their supporters
- the treasurery was bled dry, and ant
What was the Shameful Peace of 1328?
- made a deal with Robert Bruce to stop the Scots raiding in the North (Treaty of Northampton)
- Robert was recognised as the king of Scotland, and marriage between Roberts son and Edwards sister
- the Scots gave the English £20,000 which went straight to Roger and Isabella
What was the Bedford Rebellion of 1328 - 9?
- the nobles, headed by Lancaster rose in rebellion
- however this was ended when they were given financial bonds
What happened in the Nottingham Coup 1330?
- By the summer of 1330 Edward was in talks with the Pope concerning the end of the minority regime
- with the help of his closest knights he plotted the end of his regime
- Edward sneaked into Nottingham castle and captured Mortimer and his henchmen
- Isabella forced into retirement, she lost a lot of land but received an income of £3,000
What was the punishment for Isabella and Mortimer?
- Roger and Gurney executed, and Maltraves exiled
- dispossession of mortimer, Isabella and their henchmen
What was Edward’s domestic policy in the 1330s?
- future minority regime were reversed
- future requests for finance would be through parliament
- growing acknowledgement of the power of the commons and peerage
- inclusive manner towards the nobility
What was Edward’s foreign policy in the 1330s?
SCOTLAND
- Bruce had died and left a regency council for David
- Bruce and the new minority refused to act on the land claims of the English
- Edward Balliol came to England to disinherit David II
- Balliol crowned king in 1332, Edward was granted large tracts of land in southern Scotland and £2,000
- David regrouped and attacked but in 1333 at the battle of Halidon Hill, Balliol was re-established as king
GASCONY
- Robert of Artois presence in England angered the French and they backed the Scots
- Edward expanded his allies to the Low Countries
PHONY WAR 1337-40
- English were unable to bring the French to war and wasted resources and money
What were the issues for crisis in 1340-1?
FINANCE
- needed various loans for war
DOMESTIC GOVERNMENT
- corruption of local officials and taxes were levied ineffectively
- borrowed money to pay for wars from France
- Stratford is dismissed after an enquiry into maladministration
What happened at the end of the first phase of the 100 years war?
- Height of victories was the capture of John and also David
- Negotiations with France were difficult as Edward asked for too much money
- Edward went to France and confronted the French
- The Rheims campaign 1359-60, attempted a siege but the gates remained closed
What was the Treaty of Bretigny 1360?
- Edward had to give up his claim to the French throne
- the king was granted full control of the duchy of Aquitaine
- ransom adjusted and the king received £500,000
- ratified in the Treaty of Calais October 1360
What did the Black Prince do on the Continent?
- tried to increase tax revenues and the efficiency of the English admin
- the civilians were used to being left alone and resented the restrictions, they began to refuse taxation
- the prince became involved in Iberian politics
- the king taxed Aquitaine again, one which was harsh and unprecedented
What happened in 1369 when the war was renewed?
- the tax pushed the rebels to go to Paris and get help from the king of France
- Charles calls for Edward to come and pay homage however he refuses
- Charles declares him forfeit and Edward resumes the title of king of France
- the campaigns of 1373-4 were useless, there were no victories and they wasted money
Who was the Lady of the Sun?
- Alice Perrers had heavy influence over the king
- by the time of her forfeiture in 1377 she had 50 manors in 25 counties
- tournament held in her honour in 1374
What happened in the Good Parliament of 1376?
- April 1376: Edward asked for taxation but this was refused
- de la Mare me with Gaunt to complain about the new court party such as Neville, Perrers, Lyons and Latimer
- concept of impeachment was used for the first time
- Latimer and Lyon accuses of licenses and loans
- Latimer and Neville were dismissed, Lyons imprisoned and Peres was banished
What happened in the Bad Parliament 1377?
- Edward’s power still intact
- John of Gaunt reverses the Good Parliament
- courtiers were restored and pardoned
- de la Mare was arrested
- January 1377: Parliament accepted the reversals of the impeachments
