Edward IV's government, 1471-1483

Question 1

Who was placed him in charge of Northern England and had very wide powers?

Answer 1

Richard of Gloucester

Question 2

In which region of England was Thomas Grey, the king’s stepson, the real power in the second reign?

Answer 2

South West

Question 3

Who became the key noble in the midlands during Edward IV’s second reign?

Answer 3

William Hastings

Question 4

In what year had Edward IV placed greater theoretical limits of retaining that he and the nobility largely ignored?

Answer 4

1468

Question 5

Who gained dominance in Wales from 1472 onwards?

Answer 5

Anthony Woodville (Earl Rivers)

Question 6

Who were responsible for the maintenance of public order in the localities in both reigns?

Answer 6

Justices of the Peace

Question 7

Which former die-hard Lancastrian made his peace and became Bishop of Ely in 1478?

Answer 7

John Morton

Question 8

What continually provided stability at a local level through tithes, services and its own courts?

Answer 8

Church

Question 9

Which substantial lands and estates fell into the Crown’s possession in 1478?

Answer 9

Clarence’s lands

Question 10

What were always appointed annually from among the local landowners in each county to represent the king?

Answer 10

Sheriffs

Question 11

What did Edward IV offer to many of his opponents during the early years of both of his reigns?

Answer 11

Clemency

Question 12

Whose advice did Edward IV take in his second reign to increase his financial position?

Answer 12

Sir John Fortescue

Question 13

Which family had Edward IV relied upon heavily in his first reign but were gone by his second?

Answer 13

Nevilles

Question 14

Which family became increasingly dominant in Edward IV’s second reign as demonstrated by Earl Rivers and Thomas Grey?

Answer 14

Woodvilles

Question 15

What did Edward IV establish in 1472 to tighten his control over the principality and neighbouring lands?

Answer 15

Council of Wales and the Marches

Question 16

In which region did Edward IV promote Richard of Gloucester to dominance from July 1471 onwards?

Answer 16

Northern England

Question 17

Who was executed in 1478 demonstrating Edward IV’s increasing ruthlessness?

Answer 17

George of Clarence

Question 18

Who was ruthlessly murdered in the Tower at the end of May 1471 on Edward IV’s orders?

Answer 18

Henry VI

Question 19

What was a kind of forced payment, introduced in 1475, which did not have to be repaid?

Answer 19

Benevolence

Question 20

Which former Lancastrian defender of Harlech became a royal councillor in Edward IV’s second reign?

Answer 20

Sir Richard Tunstall

Question 21

What had the Woodville family been until Edward IV pardoned them in the early 1460s?

Answer 21

Lancastrians

Question 22

Who had been appointed warden of the East and West Marches on the Scottish border in July 1461?

Answer 22

Earl of Warwick

Question 23

Who had Edward IV relied upon to defeat northern Lancastrian resistance and made Earl of Northumberland in 1464?

Answer 23

John Neville.

Question 24

At which battle in 1471 were the Lancastrian heir and nobles ruthlessly killed?

Answer 24

Tewkesbury

Question 25

Which source of ordinary income did Edward IV work most to expand in his second reign?

Answer 25

Crown lands

Question 26

Which group did Edward IV use to govern the regions?

Answer 26

Nobility

Question 27

Who was lord deputy of Ireland and effective ruler from 1470 until 1477?

Answer 27

Thomas FitzGerald

Question 28

What did the Crown’s income rise to because of more efficient methods of collection?

Answer 28

£70,000

Question 29

Where were officers sent to enquire into tenants holding lucrative knight service in 1479?

Answer 29

Duchy of Lancaster

Question 30

Which lands could have exploited them for £1,000 a year but Edward IV let Hastings have them for £300 a year?

Answer 30

Shrewsbury lands

Question 31

What innovation of Edward IV’s first reign visited crown estates and ensured they were properly audited?

Answer 31

Crown commissioners

Question 32

What was the average number of Justices of the Peace commissioned for a county?

Answer 32

Eighteen

Question 33

Where did Justices of the Peace try those accused of the more serious crimes?

Answer 33

Quarter sessions

Question 34

What were there relatively few of in England at this time in contrast to France and Spain?

Answer 34

Aristocratic bishops

Question 35

What did Edward IV use to bypass the Exchequer, creating a more informal and flexible system of finance?

Answer 35

King’s Chamber

Question 36

What did the Church provide at a local level through tithes, services and church courts?

Answer 36

Stability

Question 37

From what profession and training were most bishops appointed?

Answer 37

Lawyers

Question 38

What recorded the workings of the household in 1471-72 in an attempt to cut its expenditure?

Answer 38

Black Book of the Household

Question 39

In what year was an ordinance published regarding Household expenditure?

Answer 39

1478

Question 40

What provided the Crown with an annual pension of £10,000 from 1475 until 1482?

Answer 40

Treaty of Picquigny

Question 41

What did Edward IV try to levy, just the once, in 1472-73?

Answer 41

Income Tax

Question 42

What provided the king with an income that varied between £300 and £8000 per annum?

Answer 42

Profits from Justice

Question 43

What between 1472 and 1475 provided Edward IV with £48,000?

Answer 43

Church Taxes

Question 44

What was the annual average amount received by the Crown from customs revenues in Edward’s second reign?

Answer 44

£34,000

Question 45

What was the amount that the Crown had to spend annually in order to govern the kingdom effectively?

Answer 45

£50,000

Question 46

What was the poorer earldom that William Herbert, son of the dead New Yorkist, had to take instead of Pembroke in 1479?

Answer 46

Huntingdon