Edward the 1st topic Flashcards
(27 cards)
When did edward reign
1272 - 1307
what was Edward I’s Nickname
Hammer of the Scots and Long shanks
what were edward I’s key aims as king
strengthen royal authority, reform law and government and expand control over wales and scotland
what reforms did Edward I make o government
improved record keeping, increased use of parliament, and reformed local government and sheriffs
What was the feudal system
A social and economic system where land was exchanged for loyalty and military service
What role did the king play in the feudal system?
He was at the top, granting land to barons who provided knights and taxes.
What were the Statutes of Westminster (1275, 1285, 1290)?
Laws that improved the legal system, including land law, protection for tenants, and local justice.
What was the purpose of the Statute of Mortmain (1279)?
To stop land being given to the Church without royal permission.
What was the role of sheriffs?
Enforced the king’s law, collected taxes, and kept order in the counties.
What change did Edward I make to Parliament in 1295?
Created the Model Parliament, including knights and burgesses as well as lords and clergy.
Why was the Model Parliament significant?
It set the precedent for including commoners in government decision-making.
Why did Edward I invade Wales?
To bring it under English control and punish resistance from Welsh princes.
Who was Llywelyn ap Gruffudd?
The Prince of Wales who led resistance against Edward but was defeated in 1282.
What did Edward do after conquering Wales?
Built castles (e.g., Caernarfon), introduced English law, and settled English colonists.
What was the Statute of Rhuddlan (1284)?
Incorporated Wales into England, introducing English law and administration.
What was the Great Cause?
Edward I chose between 13 claimants to the Scottish throne after the death of Alexander III.
Who did Edward choose as King of Scotland?
John Balliol in 1292.
How did Edward treat John Balliol?
As a vassal—undermined his authority and demanded control.
Who was William Wallace?
A Scottish rebel leader who fought against English rule, won at Stirling Bridge (1297), but lost at Falkirk (1298) and was executed in 1305.
What happened in 1296 in Scotland?
Edward invaded Scotland, deposed Balliol, and took the Stone of Destiny to England.
What was Robert the Bruce’s role?
Crowned King of Scots in 1306, continuing resistance until after Edward’s death.
Why did Edward build castles in Wales?
To establish and maintain control, intimidate the population, and house soldiers and officials.
Name three major Welsh castles built by Edward.
Caernarfon, Conwy, Harlech
Why did Edward I raise taxes?
To fund wars in Wales, Scotland, and France.
