Edward VI - Religion Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
Somerset - Bishops
A
Bishops remained divided on the subject of reform:
- 9 led by Thomas Cranmer and Nicholas Ridley supported reform
- 10 led by Stephen Gardiner and Edmund Bonner opposed it
- 8 were undecided
2
Q
Somerset - Public response to reform
A
- A majority of ruling elites supported reform
- The lower clergy were generally opposed
- The masses were generally opposed, as their lifestyles were dependent on the traditions of the older, conservative Church
- East Anglia - considerable support due to the settlement of Protestant refugees
- London - educated clergy were vocal minorities demanding rapid change
3
Q
Somerset - Royal Visitations
A
1547
- Royal commissioners sent to all bishops
- Commissioners instructed to compile reports on the state of the clergy and practises of the diocese by autumn
4
Q
Somerset - Injunction
A
1547
- Clergy made to conduct services in English
- Bishops made to create libraries of Protestant literature
- Bishops made to encourage the laity to read these books and remove all imagery from churches
- Each parish made to obtain Cranmer’s “Book of Homilies” and Erasmus’ “Paraphrases”
5
Q
Somerset - Book of Homilies
A
1547
- Vicars and curates often lacked the experience to write sermons and were unfamiliar with reformed doctrine
- Scholars and bishops wrote out a collection of sermons, which were appointed to each Sunday and holy day
6
Q
Somerset - Chantries Act
A
1547
- To raise money for war with Scotland
- Excused via the removal of chantries as a form of superstition
- Ended prayers for the dead
7
Q
Somerset - Repeal of the Act of Six Articles
A
1547 - Church is left without an official doctrine
8
Q
Somerset - Repeal of the Treason Act
A
1547
- Ends heresy and censorship laws
- Increases the freedom of Protestants, who can now meet and discuss reforms
The main result was a series of new demands from Protestants who wanted the Bible to be recognised as the only true authority of religious belief
9
Q
Somerset - Proclamation (clergy)
A
1547
- Only authorised clergy to preach
- All services to be preached in English
- Services to be preached every Sunday
- Bishops made to remove all superstitious imagery
10
Q
Somerset - Proclamation (public preaching)
A
Jan 1548
- All public preaching banned
- Justices of the Peace and Churchwardens ordered to enforce the existing doctrine, including transubstantiation
- Instructions issued to speed up the removal of imagery
These measures anger both Catholics and reformers alike
11
Q
Somerset - First Book of Common Prayer
A
Jan 1549
- Viewed as a compromise between traditional and reformist ideals
- Deliberately ambiguous
- Changes the Catholic images used in liturgies (eg. the bread and wine, incense, singing)
12
Q
Northumberland - Black Rubric Proclamation
A
Sep 1549
- Encourages kneeling in mass a sign of adoration
- The bread and wine no longer considered the body and blood of Christ
13
Q
Northumberland - Removal of Gardiner
A
Feb 1550
- Imprisoned in the Tower
- When asked in July to adhere to the Church of England, his refusal leads to stricter terms of confinement
14
Q
Northumberland - Removal of Bonner
A
- Already imprisoned by 1550
- Is retired and has his diocese removed
- Replaced by Ridley, Bishop of Rochester
15
Q
Northumberland - Bishops placed in new dioceses
A
- Rochester
- Chichester
- Norwich
- Exeter
- Durham
16
Q
Northumberland - 42 Articles
A
1553
- Written by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
- Basic summary of the Church of England doctrine
- Phrased ambiguously, leaving room for interpretation
- Never publicly released - they are suppressed by Mary
- Emphasises “justification by faith alone”
17
Q
Northumberland - First Act of Uniformity
A
1558
- Aims to end the uncertainty over doctrine
- Holy communion, songs and matins to be held in English
- Clergy given permission to marry
- Sacraments re-defined (see separate card)
- Masses for the dead and other “superstitious” sacraments removed, eg. mass for the dead
- First Book of Common Prayer made official
18
Q
Northumberland - Sacraments under the First Act of Uniformity
A
Now defined as baptism, communion, confirmation, marriage and burial
19
Q
Northumberland - Second Act of Uniformity
A
- It becomes an offence for clergy and laity not to attend services
- Offenders (recusants) to be fined
20
Q
Bishop Ridley’s changes
A
- Altars to be replaced with communion tables
- Priests to teach the Gospel and administer the sacraments without making sacrifices for the dead
- Refused to remove any of the 16 clergy vestments, which were considered superstitious by Protestants
21
Q
John Hooper
A
- Bishop of Gloucester
- Believed the changes were still too Catholic
- Jan 1551 - Imprisoned for failing to comply
- Persuaded into a compromise and regained his position
Many laity and clergy afterwards remained slow to respond to the subsequent changes
22
Q
1547
- Royal commissioners sent to all bishops
- Commissioners instructed to compile reports on the state of the clergy and practises of the diocese by autumn
A
Somerset - Royal Visitations
23
Q
1547
- Vicars and curates often lacked the experience to write sermons and were unfamiliar with reformed doctrine
- Scholars and bishops wrote out a collection of sermons, which were appointed to each Sunday and holy day
A
Somerset - Book of Homilies
24
Q
1547
- To raise money for war with Scotland
- Excused via the removal of chantries as a form of superstition
- Ended prayers for the dead
A
Somerset - Chantries Act
25
1547 - Church is left without an official doctrine
Somerset - Repeal of the Act of Six Articles
26
1547
- Ends heresy and censorship laws
- Increases the freedom of Protestants, who can now meet and discuss reforms
The main result was a series of new demands from Protestants who wanted the Bible to be recognised as the only true authority of religious belief
Somerset - Repeal of the Treason Act
27
1547
- Only authorised clergy to preach
- All services to be preached in English
- Services to be preached every Sunday
- Bishops made to remove all superstitious imagery
Somerset - Proclamation (clergy)
28
Jan 1548
- All public preaching banned
- Justices of the Peace and Churchwardens ordered to enforce the existing doctrine, including transubstantiation
- Instructions issued to speed up the removal of imagery
These measures anger both Catholics and reformers alike
Somerset - Proclamation (public preaching)
29
Jan 1549
- Viewed as a compromise between traditional and reformist ideals
- Deliberately ambiguous
- Changes the Catholic images used in liturgies (eg. the bread and wine, incense, singing)
Somerset - First Book of Common Prayer
30
Sep 1549
- Encourages kneeling in mass a sign of adoration
- The bread and wine no longer considered the body and blood of Christ
Somerset - Black Rubric Proclamation
31
Feb 1550
- Imprisoned in the Tower
- When asked in July to adhere to the Church of England, his refusal leads to stricter terms of confinement
Northumberland - Removal of Gardiner
32
- Already imprisoned by 1550
- Is retired and has his diocese removed
- Replaced by Ridley, Bishop of Rochester
Northumberland - Removal of Bonner
33
- Rochester
- Chichester
- Norwich
- Exeter
- Durham
Northumberland - Bishops placed in new dioceses
34
1553
- Written by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
- Basic summary of the Church of England doctrine
- Phrased ambiguously, leaving room for interpretation
- Never publicly released - they are suppressed by Mary
- Emphasises "justification by faith alone"
Northumberland - 42 Articles
35
1558
- Aims to end the uncertainty over doctrine
- Holy communion, songs and matins to be held in English
- Clergy given permission to marry
- Sacraments re-defined (see separate card)
- Masses for the dead and other "superstitious" sacraments removed, eg. mass for the dead
- First Book of Common Prayer made official
Northumberland - First Act of Uniformity
36
Now defined as baptism, communion, confirmation, marriage and burial
Northumberland - Sacraments under the First Act of Uniformity
37
- It becomes an offence for clergy and laity not to attend services
- Offenders (recusants) to be fined
Northumberland - Second Act of Uniformity
38
- Altars to be replaced with communion tables
- Priests to teach the Gospel and administer the sacraments without making sacrifices for the dead
- Refused to remove any of the 16 clergy vestments, which were considered superstitious by Protestants
Bishop Ridley's changes
39
- Bishop of Gloucester
- Believed the changes were still too Catholic
- Jan 1551 - Imprisoned for failing to comply
- Persuaded into a compromise and regained his position
Many laity and clergy afterwards remained slow to respond to the subsequent changes
John Hooper
