EEGs, Epilepsy, and Sleep Flashcards
(40 cards)
Which hypothalamic nucleus regulates the pineal gland?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
What are the genes responsible for circadian rhythm?
Per, Tim, Clock, Cryptochrome, Bmal 1
Which gene will cause odd circadian rhythms if mutated?
Per
Which proteins increase the activity of the SCN that regulate sleep and wake?
Per and Tim
If the SCN is damaged what might occur?
Less consistent body rhythms that don’t sync to light and dark of the environment
What does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin
What is the chemical process of sleep?
Melatonin secreted 2-3 hrs before bed, feeds back to reset biological clock
What is jet lag?
Disruption of the circadian rhythm due to crossing time zones
When you travel west and get jet lag what happened to the circadian rhythm?
Phase delay
When you travel east and get jet lag what happened to the circadian rhythm?
Phase advance
What constitutes normal sleep?
Sleep consists of repetitive cycles lasting about 90 minutes, advancing though non-REM and REM stages
What are the three N stages and REM?
N1: Drowsiness
N2: Light sleep
N3: Deep sleep
REM: Dream sleep
About how long does it take to cycle through a NREM and REM cycle?
90 minutes
When is N3 predominant?
Early at night
When is REM predominant?
Later at night
When are you likely to see alpha rhythm?
Awake
When are you likely to see beta rhythms?
REM and awake
When are you likely to see theta rhythms?
Stage 1/N1
When are you likely to see the K complex?
Stage 2/N2
When are you likely to see delta rhythms?
Stage 3+4/N3
When are you likely to see spindles?
Stage 2/N2
What is the part of the brain that contributes to cortical arousal?
Pontomesencephalon
What is orexin?
Peptide neurotransmitter released from the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus responsible for the ability to stay awake
What if you have low levels of orexin?
Nacrolepsy
