EENT

Question 1

5 Structures of the External Eye

Answer 1

Eyelid, Conjunctiva, Lacrimal gland, Eye muscles, Bony Skull Orbit

Question 2

Elevates and retracts the upper eyelid

Answer 2

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

Question 3

All extraocular muscles except for superior oblique and lateral rectus are innervated by

Answer 3

Oculomotor N. (CN III)

Question 4

3 layers of Internal Eye

Answer 4

Outer fibrous layer: sclera & cornea
Middle layer: Choroid and ciliary body/iris
Inner layer: Retina

Question 5

5 major structures of the Internal eye

Answer 5

sclera, cornea, iris, lens, retina

Question 6

White of the eye, avascular, supports internal eye structures

Answer 6

Sclera

Question 7

Continuous w/ the sclera anteriorly, clear, sensory innervation for pain, major part of refractive power of the eye

Answer 7

Cornea

Question 8

The uveal tract is composed of:

Answer 8

Iris, ciliary body, and choroids

Question 9

a circular, contractile muscular disk containing pigment cells that produce the color of the eye

Answer 9

Iris

Question 10

Dilates/contracts to control amount of light traveling through the pupil to the retina

Answer 10

Iris

Question 11

Produces aqueous humor and contains the muscles controlling accommodation

Answer 11

Ciliary body

Question 12

pigmented, richly vascular layer that supplies oxygen to the outer layer of the retina

Answer 12

Choroid

Question 13

biconvex, transparent structure located immediately behind the iris; supported circumferentially by fibers arising from the ciliary body

Answer 13

Lens

Question 14

Contraction and relaxation of _______ changes lens thickness

Answer 14

ciliary body

Question 15

Sensory network of the eye; transforms light impulses into electrical impulses

Answer 15

Retina

Question 16

Electrical impulses are transmitted through

Answer 16

optic nerve, optic tract, optic radiation, visual cortex, consciousness in the cerebral cortex

Question 17

Site of central vision

Answer 17

Macula/fovea

Question 18

At what age is binocular vision development complete?

Answer 18

3-4 months old

Question 19

What type of vision is fully developed at birth?

Answer 19

Peripheral vision

Question 20

At what age is an infant able to differentiate colors?

Answer 20

by 6 months old

Question 21

Adult visual acuity is achieved at what age?

Answer 21

4 years old

Question 22

Progressive weakening of accommodation with aging

Answer 22

Presbyopia

Question 23

Bulging of eye anteriorly out of orbit

Answer 23

Exophthalmos

Question 24

Inflammation of the superficial layers of the sclera anterior to the insertion of the rectus muscles

Answer 24

Episcleritis

Question 25

Deposition of calcium in the superficial cornea

Answer 25

Band keratopathy

Question 26

Disruption of the corneal epithelium and stroma

Answer 26

Corneal ulcer

Question 27

Both eyes do not focus on an object simultaneously

Answer 27

Strabismus

Question 28

a form of strabismus in which one or more extraocular muscles or their nerve supply is impaired

Answer 28

Paralytic strabismus

Question 29

Type of strabismus in which the patient can focus with either eye but not with both simultaneously

Answer 29

Nonparalytic strabismus

Question 30

Triad of ipsilateral miosis, mild ptosis, and loss of hemifacial sweating; results from interruption of sympathetic nerve supply to the eye

Answer 30

Horner syndrome

Question 31

Opacities in the lens

Answer 31

Cataracts

Question 32

Dot hemorrhages or microaneurysms and the presence of hard and soft exudates

Answer 32

Diabetic retinopathy (background)

Question 33

Development of new vessels as result of anoxic stimulation

Answer 33

Diabetic retinopathy (proliferative)

Question 34

occurs when serum triglyceride level exceeds 2000mg/dL

Answer 34

Lipemia retinalis

Question 35

Autosomal recessive disorder in which the genetic defects cause cell death predominantly in the rod photoreceptors

Answer 35

Retinitis pigmentosa

Question 36

Disease of the optic nerve resulting from increased intraocular pressure; nerve cells die, producing a characteristic appearance of the optic nerve (increased cupping)

Answer 36

Glaucoma

Question 37

inflammatory process involving both the choroid and the retina

Answer 37

Chorioretinal inflammation

Question 38

Caused by a lesion, most commonly a pituitary tumor, interrupting the optic chiasm

Answer 38

Bitemporal hemianopia

Question 39

Can be caused by a lesion arising in optic nerve radiation on either side of the brain

Answer 39

Homonymous hemianopia

Question 40

Embryonal malignant tumor arising from retina

Answer 40

Retinoblastoma

Question 41

Disruption of normal progression of retinal vascular development in preterm infant

Answer 41

Retinopathy of prematurity

Question 42

occurs in infant victims of shaken-baby syndrome

Answer 42

Retinal hemorrhages in infancy

Question 43

Convergence of small fragile arteries and veins in the nasal region

Answer 43

Kiesselbach plexus

Question 44

Space between the buccal mucosa and the outer surface of the teeth and gums

Answer 44

Vestibule

Question 45

Permanent teeth begin forming in the jaw by what age?

Answer 45

6 months old

Question 46

Age-related hearing loss is associated with

Answer 46

Degeneration of hair cells in the organ of Corti, loss of cortical and organ of Corti auditory neurons, degeneration of the cochlear conductive membrane, decreased vascularization of the cochlea

Question 47

Inflammation of the middle ear resulting in the collection of serous, mucoid, or purulent fluid (effusion) when the TM is intact

Answer 47

Otitis media w/ effusion

Question 48

Inflammation in the middle ear, associated w/ a middle ear effusion that becomes infected by bacterial organisms

Answer 48

Acute otitis media

Question 49

Inflammation of the auditory canal and external surface of the TM

Answer 49

Otitis externa

Question 50

Trapped epithelial tissue behind the TM that is often the result of untreated or chronic recurrent otitis media

Answer 50

Cholesteatoma

Question 51

Hearing loss resulting from reduced transmission of sound to the middle ear

Answer 51

Conductive hearing loss

Question 52

hearing loss resulting from a disorder of the inner ear, damage to CN VIII, genetic disorders, systemic disease, ototoxic medication, trauma, tumors, and prolonged exposure to loud noise

Answer 52

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 53

disorder of progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo that in some cases has a genetic mode of transmission

Answer 53

Meniere's disease

Question 54

illusion of rotational movement by a patient, often due to a disorder of the inner ear (Meniere's disease, vestibular neuritis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)

Answer 54

Vertigo

Question 55

bacterial infection of one or more of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 55

Sinusitis

Question 56

infx of tonsils or posterior pharynx by microorganisms such as GABHS or other strep species, Neisseria gonorrhea, Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 56

Acute pharyngitis

Question 57

Deep infection in the space between the soft palate and tonsil

Answer 57

Peritonsillar abscess

Question 58

life-threatening infection in the lateral pharyngeal space that has the potential to occlude the airway; most commonly occurs in children

Answer 58

Retropharyngeal abscess

Question 59

Cancer involving the oral cavity or related structures

Answer 59

Oral Cancer

Question 60

What type of cancer is most often associated with oral cancer?

Answer 60

Squamous cell