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EENT Flashcards

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1
Q

what most common cause of conjunctivitis bacterial

A

h. influenza, S. pneumonia, Chlamydia

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2
Q

what most common cause of conjunctivitis viral

A

adenovirus, HSV

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3
Q

how does bacterial conjunctiva present

A

erythema, chemosis, itching, burning, mucopurulent exudate, matter in eyelashes

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4
Q

how does viral conjunctiva present

A

erythema, chemosis, tearing (bilat), HSV unilateral photophobia, fever, nose lesions

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5
Q

how does allergic conjunctiva present

A

stringing mucoid exudate, swollen eyelids and conjunctiva, itching, tearing, headache, rhinitis

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6
Q

how do you tx bacterial conjunctiva

A

erythromycin ointment or polymyxin B/trimethoprim, warm soaks, no sharing towels or pillows/stress hygiene

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7
Q

how do you tx viral conjunctiva

A

refer to ophthalmologist if HSV, otherwise cool compress, supportive, hygiene

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8
Q

how do you tx allergic conjunctiva

A

patanol et al, allergy referral if needed

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9
Q

what is preseptal perioobital cellulits

A

milkd sx, anterios soft tissue of orbital septum

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10
Q

what is orbital cellulitis

A

more severe (pain wit h movement, proptosis), can lead to loss of vision/life, posterior orbital septum

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11
Q

what is cause of peri/orbital cellulitis

A

S. aureus, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis

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12
Q

how does peri/orbital cellulitis

A

proptosis, eye pain, decreased vision, limited extra-ocular motility

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13
Q

what are labs for peri/orbital cellulitis

A

CBC w diff, visual acuity, EOMI, PERRLA

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14
Q

what is imaging for peri/orbital cellulitis

A

CT scan

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15
Q

what meds for orbital cellulitis

A

susp orbital celluliits, admissin for IV abx

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16
Q

what meds for periorbital

A

augmentin, clindamycin

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17
Q

what are main causes of ear and sinus

A

swimming, sick, previous ear issues, eating, sleeping, acting differently, tugging

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18
Q

what causes otitis externa

A

retained moisture in ear, pseudomonas, staph aureus, excema, seborrhea, psoriasis

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19
Q

How does otitis externa present

A

itching and irritation progressing to pain, rarely to hearing loss, pain with movement of tragus, difficult to visualize TM, consider culturing if no improvement

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20
Q

how do you tx otitis externa

A

antimicrobial +/- steroid

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21
Q

what is otitis media

A

middle ear inflammation and effusion

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22
Q

how does otitis media present

A

ear pain, hearing loss, irritability, otorrhea and/or fever, bulging

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23
Q

what causes otitis media

A

s. pneumonia, h. influenza, m. catarrhalis, virla URI, bacterial URI, allergic, eustachian tune dysfunction/anatomical

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24
Q

what are some anatomical causes for otitis media

A

adenoid hypertrophy, cleft palate, nasopharyngeal cancer

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25
what is tx for otitis media
amoxicillin, augmentin
26
what is presentation of rhinitis
sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, itching
27
what is allergic rhiniitis presentation
nasal mucosa edematous, pale, allergic shiners, seasonal
28
what is tx for allergic rhinitis
antihistamine, nasal sprays
29
what is non allergic rhinitis
normal mucosa year round
30
what is tx for non allergic rhinitis
nasal sprays
31
what is viral rhinitis
beefy red mucosa, associated with other viral sx
32
what is tx for viral rhinitis
nasal saline, steam
33
what are clinical findings of influenza
sudden onset high fever (102-106), HA, aches, chills, coryza, vertigo, sore throat, body aches, cough
34
what are lab findings for influenza
rapid diagnostic testing low sensitivity and specificity, viral cultures
35
what is tx for influenza
supportive, tx high risk with antivirals, tamiflu
36
what are complications of common URI or allergic rhinitis
sinusitis
37
how does sinusitis present
sx of sinus inflammations, + persistent nasal congestion without improvement after 10 days, severe sx, worsening sx
38
what is sinusitis most commonly
viral
39
how do you tx sinusitis
amoxicillin/augmentin, humidifier, fluids, nasla saline, warm compresses, guaifenesin
40
how do you tx sinusitis if allergic
azithro, clarithro
41
what casues thrust
candida albicans
42
what are risk factor of thrush
common in first weeks of life, inhaled steroids, HIV infection, recent abx
43
how does thrush present
adherent creamy whiteplacques on buccal, gingival, lingual mucosa
44
how do you test for thrush
KOH scraping, culture
45
how do you tx thrush
oral nystatin, gentian violet (safe in prego)
46
what most commonly causes gingivostamtitis
herpes virus - 1
47
how does gingivostomatitis present
very sick, highly infectious, 10+ ulcer of buccal mucosa, lips, tongue, may have fever, tender cervical nodes, inflammation
48
what labs to test gingivostomatitis
HSV culture
49
how do you tx gingivostamatitis
if within 24 hours - acyclovir
50
what casues Bacterial pharyngitis
GAS, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydia pneumonia, group C and G strep
51
how does bacterial pharyngitis present
tender ant. cervical nodes, palatial peteciae, beefy red uvula, tonisillar exudate
52
what are lab findings for bacterial phayngitis
rapid test, neg confirmed with culture
53
what is tx for bacterial pharyngitis
amocixillin, Pen VK, erythmocyin, zithromax
54
what is center criteria for bacterial phayngitis
adenopathy, tonislar exudates, absence of cough, fever
55
what are some complications of bacterial pharyngitis
rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, lemierre syndrome, tonsillar abscess
56
what most commonly causes peritonsillar cellulitis/tonsillitis
GAS, s. pneumonia, h. flu, M. cat
57
how does peritonisal celluliits/tonsiliitis present
high fever, unilateral, tonisl bulges medially, soft palate and uvula edematous, displaced toward involved side, possible trismus
58
what labs to test for peritonsillar cellulitis/tonsilitis
throat culture
59
how do you tx peritonisllar cellulitis/tonsillitis
start with IV oral BAX (12-24 hours), referral if no improvement
60
what causes mononucleosis
epstein bar virus (EBV)
61
how does mono present
malaise, anorexia, fever, exudative pharyngitis, ant and post nodes, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
62
what labs for mono
atypical lymphs, (+) spot/EBV titers
63
what are complications of mono
splenic rupture, hepatitis, amoxicillin rash
64
how do you tx mono
supportive (ibuprofen), steroids, soft diet, non contact sports
65
what is croup
acute inflammatory dz of larynx, viral
66
how does croup present
barking cough, stridor, low frade fever, cough, drooling
67
what is shown on XR for croup
steeple sign
68
how do you tx croup
dexamethasone, nebulized epi, fluids, warm moist air
69
how do you tx croup if barking cough with out without stridor at rest
supportive
70
what most commonly caues epiglottis
H. influenze, strep pneumonia, N. meningiits
71
how does epiglotitis present
4Ds, sudden onset of fever, dysphagia, drooling, muffled voice, cyanosis, soft stridor
72
what are 4Ds of epiglottis
drooling, dysphagia, dysphonia, distressed resp efforts
73
what are labs for epiglottis
XR
74
what is tx for epiglottis
intubation, IV abx
75
how can you prevent epiglottis
HIB vaccine

Pediatrics clin med (7 decks)

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