EENT

Question 1

What can an abnormal red reflex mean?

Answer 1

Congenital cataract

Question 2

signs of abnormal red reflex

Answer 2

inequality of color, intensity or clarity
opacities
white spots

Question 3

when must congenital cataract be treated by

Answer 3

surgery before 3-4 months

Question 4

what can congenital cloudy corneal mean

Answer 4

Opthalmic emergency
- glaucoma
- trauma
scleroderma

Question 5

Presentation of strabismus

Answer 5

non parallel axis of the eyes only after 6 months

Question 6

what are the two types of strabismus

Answer 6

extropia: divergent
estropia: eyes are crossed

Question 7

why is strabismus bad

Answer 7

Can lead to loss of vision in eye if left untreated

Question 8

causes of red eye and eye discharge

Answer 8

Dacrostenosis/cystitis
conjunctivitis
periorbital/orbital cellulitis
blepharitis
hordelum

Question 9

Dacrostenosis

Answer 9

stricture of nasolacrimal duct

- 3-12 weeks with persistent tearing of one eye

Question 10

dacrocystitis

Answer 10

infection of lacrimal sacc

- pain, redness edema, tearing and conjunctivitys

Question 11

how do you treat dacrocystits

Answer 11

warm compresses/topical antibiotic

Question 12

how do you treat dacrostenosis

Answer 12

ususally resolves by 6 months

finger tip massage 2x daily of lacrimal dut

Question 13

conjunctivitis types

Answer 13

Bacterial: injection, mucuopurulent, unilateral, warm compress
Viral: watery clear discharge w/o swelling, bilateral, warm compress
allergic: clear mucoid, severe lid edema, itch, bilateral, treat environment.

Question 14

Periorbital cellulitis

Answer 14

edema/redness of lids
unilateral
fever
pain

Question 15

orbital cellulitis

Answer 15

Same as periorbital: edema of lids, unilateral with fever and pain with the addition of swollen eyeball

Question 16

treatment for the periorbital and orbital cellulitis

Answer 16

Refer for IV antibiotic so that they don’t get retinal damage or meningitis

Question 17

Blepharitis

Answer 17

inflammation of lid margins with redness, thickening, ulcers and possible loss of eyelashes

Question 18

management of blepharitis

Answer 18

wash daily with baby shampoo
antibiotic ointment
herbal eyelosh

Question 19

hordeolum (stye)

Answer 19

pyogentic infection of meibomian glands often caused by staff with pain redness and tenderness

Question 20

treatment for hordeolum

Answer 20

hot packs for 10 minutes TID or QID

Question 21

Rhinitis

Answer 21

what can rhinitis be associated with,

- uri, frequent colds, teething , environment, food sensitivities

Question 22

what may be seen with allergic rhinits

Answer 22

mouth breathing, snoring, eczema, conjuncitiits.

their parents may have allergies

Question 23

treatment for rhinitis

Answer 23

remove the cause:
vitamin C
behavior: kids wash hand and face, air purifier, close window while sleeping

Question 24

sinusitis

Answer 24

inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

Question 25

presentation of sinusitis

Answer 25

recent URI with late onset fever mucupurulen nasal discharge, bad breath HA, fatigue irritability

Question 26

how do you treat sinusitis

Answer 26

sometimes spontaneous recovery saline rinse, humidifies, steam compress NAC, amoracia, mahonia

Question 27

antibiotics for sinusitis

Answer 27

amoxicillin 40mg/kg in divided doses

Question 28

how would a really young kid show a sore throat

Answer 28

Sticking out tongue, shallow cough, or avoidance of swallowing .

Question 29

Common sore throat viruses presentation

Answer 29

URI sx, conjunctivitis, hoarseness | low grade fever, malaise

Question 30

coxsackie virus presnetation

Answer 30

Hand food and mouth: small red papules, vesicles and ulsers on tongue, buccal muxose that persist for 1 week. mild constitutional symtoms

Question 31

Herpangina sx

Answer 31

small red papules vesicles and ulcers on posterior oropharanix with a high fever

Question 32

Mononucleosis

Answer 32

pharyngeal injection, exudates and posterior cervical LA, hepatosplenomegally mostly seen over 15 years

Question 33

Cause of most bacterial sore throat?

Answer 33

Group A beta hemolytic strep, most common in 5-15 years

Question 34

Sx of strep

Answer 34

fever, HA and paryngitis | pharyngeal redness swelling with exudate, cervical LA and palatine petechiae

Question 35

Dx of strep

Answer 35

rapid strep, culture if negative and suspicious

Question 36

Treatment of strep?

Answer 36

Oral penacilling V, any of the cillins | BEMP tincture

Question 37

complicaions of strep

Answer 37

``` scarlet fever Acute post infection glomerulonephritis rheumatic fever peritonsillar absess retropharyngeal abscess ```

Question 38

scarlet fever

Answer 38

sandpaper rash that desquamates after 7-21 days

Question 39

rheumatic rever

Answer 39

joint swelling, subcutaneous nodules, heart murmur

Question 40

peritonsillar abscess

Answer 40

unilateral peritonsilar fullness bulging of soft palate with uvular deviation

Question 41

Retropharyngeal abscess

Answer 41

sorethroat, fever, neck mass, pain or stiffness retropharyneal bulge: refer

Question 42

eppiglottitis

Answer 42

cellulitis and edema of epiglottis

Question 43

Sx of epiglottis

Answer 43

abrupt onset high fever with toxic appearance sore throat without URI symptoms drooling, dyspnea, hyperextended chin refer with oxygen

Question 44

Acute purulent otitis media signs in neonate

Answer 44

ear pulling, grying, poor sleep, fever, decreased appetite, vomit, diarrhea after URI Bulging of TM, obscured light reflex

Question 45

management of acute otitis media

Answer 45

antibitics: younger than 2 or those with pain or fever for longer than 3-7 days watch and wait: everyone else ear oil,

Question 46

what do you tell parents about otitis media

Answer 46

should feel better in 24 to 48 hours, follow up in 1-2 weeks. concider antibiotic if ear bursts

Question 47

PE otitis media with effusion

Answer 47

TM clear, amber, gray , retracted with possible fluid line. | treatment with antibitics

Question 48

management wit hOtitis media with effusion

Answer 48

: refer to ENT, may discuss ear tubes,