EENT Flashcards
(20 cards)
what can happen if you leave a posterior epistaxis packing in for too long?
necrosis of the nasal ala
how do you diagnose OE?
- tenderness with tragal palpation or traction on external ear
- pre-auricular adenitis might be present
- exam reveals erythema, edema and sometimes otorrhea
- tympanic membrane may be difficult to visualize
what are the types of OE?
- swimmer’s ear - acute
- chronic >6 week duration (foreign body, hearing aids)
- eczema - eczema, seborrheic dermatitis
- necrotizing/malignant - progression to include deeper tissues, DM or immunocompromised
what test do you order for OE or mastoiditis?
high resolution CT thin temporal cuts
can do a KOH prep if you suspect fungal cause
what’s the treatment for OE
non-ototoxic abx drops
(cover pseudomonas)
ear wick to get it in
admission for necrotizing - IV cefotaxime 1 g q 24 h or ceftriaxone, 1-2 g IV q 24 hours
What are the symptoms of AOM?
Adults: ear pain,
what are the causes of peripheral vertigo?
benign position vertigo
acute vestibular neuronitis
supparrative labrynthitis
Meniere’s disease
acoustic neuroma
what are the causes of central vertigo?
cerebrovascular disease
cerebellar degeneration
migraine
MS
alcohol intox
tumors of brainstem or cerebellum
phenytoin toxicity
what is the direction of nystagmus in peripheral vertigo and central vertigo?
peripheral: side to side
central: up and down
what are the key symptoms of Meniere’s disease?
unilateral hearing loss
tinnitus
vertigo
sudden onset and short duration (1-24 hours) attacks
where do most nosebleeds arise from?
90-95% anterior septum/Kessellbach’s plexus
if you have posterior epistaxis, where is it coming from?
most likely the sphenopalantine artery
what are distinguishing signs and symptoms between sinusitis and rhinitis?
Sinusitis
purulent rhinorrhea
postnasal drip
headache
facial pain
anosomia
cough, fever
what is the definition of chronic sinusitis?
>12 weeks
what is the Ellis system of tooth fractures?
I = enamel alone (non-urgent)
II = dentin (urgent)
III = pulp (emergent)
what should you do for a Class II or III fractures?
irrigate with saline, dry it and cover with calcium hydroxide paste or foil - refer to dental
what do you do for a tooth avulsion?
put it in milk or saliva at home
Hank’s solution in the clinical world, replant it right away, splint 5 days antibiotics, dentist asap
what is a subluxation of a tooth and what is the treatment?
2mm or less, just soft food until dental care
>2mm reseat and splint - apply foil over and anchor
what is sialoadenitis?
infection of salivary gland by bacteria from oral cavity into salivary duct
