EENT Pharm

Question 1

Carbamide peroxide MOA

Answer 1

Softens cerumen with urea and H202

Question 2

Acetic acid
Isoprpyl alcohol
Swimear

Answer 2

Drying agents for ear for external ear infections

Question 3

Topical otic floroquinolones MOA

Answer 3

-Floxacin
Bind topoisomerase causing break in DNA and cell death

Question 4

Topical otic neomycin MOA

Answer 4

Aminoglycoside
inds to 30s so 50s can’t bind and causes misreading

Question 5

Dexamethasone
Hydrocortisone
Fluocinolone

Answer 5

Topical corticosteroids
Regulate gene expression decreasing inflammatory mediators and increasing anti-inflammatory.
AVOID ciral and fungal infections

Question 6

Deiphehydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Mecizine

Answer 6

Antihistamines for ear

Question 7

Scopolamine

Answer 7

Antimuscarinic/anticholinergic for ear

Question 8

Oxymetazolline
Phenylephrine
Synephrine

Answer 8

Intranasal decongestants that bind to alpha-1 receptors in nasal passage causing vasoconstriction and opening of nasal passage.
NEVER more than 3 days

Question 9

Pseudoephedrine
Phenylephrine

Answer 9

Systemic decongestants
Bind to alpha-1 in nasal passage causing vasal constriction and opening of the nasal passage.
Pseudophed is behind the counter

Question 10

Chlorpheniramine
Fexofenadine (allegra)
Loratadine (claratin)
Desloratidine
Cetrizine (zyrtec)
Levocetirizine

Answer 10

2nd gen systemic antihstamines used in nose

Question 11

Azelastine
Olopatadine

Answer 11

Antihistamine nasal spray

Question 12

Budesonide
Fluticasaone
Mometasone
Triamcinolone
Azelastine/fluticasone

Answer 12

Corticosteroid nasal spray.
Bind to nucleus and regulate inflammatory mediators

Question 13

Cromolyn

Answer 13

Mast cell stabilizer nasal spray
Takes days to reach peak effect

Question 14

Ipratropium

Answer 14

Anticholinergic nasal spray used for rhinorrhea

Question 15

Montelukast

Answer 15

Leukotriene inhibitor
Blocks LTD4 receptor on mast cell
Could elevate LFT
Neuropsych concern for kids.

Question 16

-cyclovir
Docosanol MOA

Answer 16

Triphosphated and inserted into viral DNA

Question 17

Triamcinolone paste
Dexamethasone

Answer 17

Topical steroids for mouth and throat

Question 18

Azoles MOA

Answer 18

Inhibit fungal CYP450

Question 19

Nystatin MOA

Answer 19

Binds to sterols in membrane forming channels.
Used in oral cadidiasis

Question 20

Chlorhexidine

Answer 20

Topical abx used in ginigivitis and periodontitis
Positively charged, binds to negative cel wall causing rupture

Question 21

Ocular decongestant

Answer 21

Phenylephrine
Naphazoline
Tetrahydrozoline

Question 22

Ocular decongestant MOA

Answer 22

Alpha-1 agonist causing vasoconstriction of eye vessels

Question 23

Phenylephrine AE

Answer 23

Pupil dilation

Question 24

H-1 antagonist antihistamine eye

Answer 24

Alcaftadine
Azelastine
Ketotifen
Olopatadine

Question 25

OTC antihistamine eye drops

Answer 25

Ketotifen Olopatadine alcaftadine

Question 26

Mast cell stabilizers

Answer 26

Cromolyn Lodoxamide Nedocromil Take days or week to peak

Question 27

When to use opthalmic glucocorti oids

Answer 27

Cataracts Secondary infection Secondary open-angle glaucoma Increase IOP

Question 28

NSAIDs

Answer 28

Flurbiprofen Ketorolac Diclofenac Bromfenac Nepafenac Block COX1 and COX2

Question 29

What does flurbiprofen do for the eye

Answer 29

Blocks unwanted intraoperative miosis in cateract surgery

Question 30

When to use ketorolac

Answer 30

Seasonal allergies

Question 31

When to use diclofenac

Answer 31

Inflammation and pain

Question 32

When to use bromfenac and nepafenac

Answer 32

Post-op pain after cataract surgery

Question 33

When to use ketorolac and diclofenac

Answer 33

Macular edema agter cataract surgery

Question 34

Carbachole Pilocarpine

Answer 34

Cholinergic agonist Used to cause miosis in surgery

Question 35

Cyclopentolate Tropicamide

Answer 35

Muscarinic antagonist causing pupil dilation

Question 36

Pegcetaclopan Acacincaptad pegol

Answer 36

Complement protein inhibitors Used in dry age related macular degeneration

Question 37

Veteporfin Pegaptanib Afilbercept -cizumab

Answer 37

Anti-VEGF Used in wet age related macular degeneration

Question 38

Cyclosporin

Answer 38

Immunosuppressant Inhibits calcineurin , inhibiting T cell activation. Used in dry eye disease

Question 39

Lifitegrast

Answer 39

Immunosuppressant Binds to LFA-1 from binding to ICAM-1 stopping activation of T cell. Used in dry eye disease

Question 40

Beta blockers

Answer 40

-olol Decrease production of aqueous humor in glaucoma. Timolol not selective Betaxolol selective for beta-1

Question 41

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer 41

-zolamide No hydrogen for H+ pump to secrete aqueous humor in glaucoma. NOT for sulfa allergy

Question 42

Alpha-2 antagonist

Answer 42

-nidine Glaucoma

Question 43

Netarsudil

Answer 43

Rock inhibitor Glaucoma

Question 44

Prostaglandins

Answer 44

-prost PGF2 alpha analogs increase interstitial space allowing for aquesous outflow decreasing IOP in glaucoma