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EENT - Soft Chalk > EENT - Soft Chalk > Flashcards

EENT - Soft Chalk Flashcards

1
Q

What are the s/s of periorbital cellulitis?

A

Periorbital erythema and edema
Fever
Nasal drainage

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2
Q

Management of periorbital cellulitis includes?

A

Aggressive antibtx therapy (IM/IV)

Possible surgical consult

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3
Q

What are the S/S of blepharitis?

A

Inflamed upper lid margin
Red conjunctiva
Mattering along upper eyelid
Feeling of foreign body in eye

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4
Q

What is used to measure intraocular pressure?

A

Tonometer

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5
Q

Differential DX for white pupil reflex in a child?

A

Retinoblastoma
Cataracts
Other retinal problems

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6
Q

What is the treatment for Blepharitis?

A

Warm compresses
Gentle debridement
Topical antibiotx

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7
Q

Acute conjunctivitis at birth may be caused by?

A

Nesseria gonnorhae

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8
Q

At what age does vision progress to 20/20 to 20/25?

A

6 years of age

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9
Q

Rare retinal tumor in children?

A

Retinoblastoma

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10
Q

A patient with narrow angle glaucoma should avoid which OTC medications?

A

OTC cold medications (antihistamines and decongestants)

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11
Q

What can occur with chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland?

A

Chalazion

NOTE: May require I&D, may be secondary to internal hordeolum

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12
Q

Signs and symptoms of hordeolum?

A

Eyelid margin erythema with tender, palpable, localized mass

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13
Q

What visual problem is consistent with macular degeneration?

A

Loss of central vision

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14
Q

Signs and symptoms consistent w/allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Itching
Clear discharge
Conjunctiva injected

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15
Q

At what age do you refer persistent dacryostenosis to an ophthalmologist?

A

4 months

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16
Q

Treatment for hordeolum?

A

Warm compresses
Topical antibiotx
I&D may be required

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17
Q

Causes of cataracts in children?

A 
Strabismus
Trauma to cornea
Long-term steroid use
Maternal prenatal infection
Prematurity
Trisomy 21
DM
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18
Q

When do frontal sinuses develop?

A

4-6 yrs old

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19
Q

Which drug choice is most appropriate for allergic rhinitis?

A

Nasal corticosteroid

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20
Q

Prophylaxis for allergic rhinitis?

A

Topical corticosteroid
Chromolyn sodium (mast cell stabilizer)
Saline rinses

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21
Q

Epistaxis in a 2-yr-old is unusual and warrant further investigation. True or False?

A

True

22
Q

What do antitussives do (dextramethoraphan)?

A

Calms cough

23
Q

What do analgesics do (acetaminophen)?

A

Relieves body aches

24
Q

What do nasal decongestants do (pseudoephedrine)?

A

Relieves nasal stuffiness

25
Q

What does a 1st generation antihistamine do (diphenhydramine)?

A

Relieves a runny nose

26
Q

Name some factors that can increase risk for hearing loss in a child:

A 
Premature birth
Cleft palate
Vital meningitis
Decreased birth weight
Family history
Head trauma
Ototoxic drugs
Hyperbilirubin
27
Q

What are some increased risks for AOM?

A 
Day care
Sibling history
2nd hand tobacco smoke exposure
Bottle feeding
Cleft palate
Native American/Eskimo heritage
28
Q

Otitis media, obstructed eustachian tubes, and labrynthitis can cause?

A

Vertigo

29
Q

What diagnostic test will help to confirm the presence of fluid in the middle ear?

A

Tympanometry

30
Q

Treatment for otitis externa?

A

Topical antibiotics and topical steroid drops

Analgesia

31
Q

Rhinne test is a test of _________ hearing loss.

A

Sensorineural AC>BC 2:1

32
Q

Signs and symptoms of OM w/effusion (Serous OM):

A

TM opaque

Decreased TM mobility w/o inflammation

33
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of AOM?

A

Bulging TM
Cloudy TM
Immobile TM
Distinctly red TM

34
Q

When checking pneumatic pressure for TM mobility, what might you see?

A

If TM moves, eustachian tube is open

If TM does not move, middle ear has pressure

35
Q

What do “bubbles” indicate on otoscopic exam of ear?

A

Middle ear effusion

36
Q

Decreased visualization of ear bones and light reflex may be a condition of?

A

Acute otitis media

37
Q

What can cause middle ear effusion?

A

Eustachian tube blockage (fluid has built up, pt may be more prone to AOM or acute middle ear effusion infection)

38
Q

What is the technique for examining a patient with otoscope?

A

Hold otoscope like a pen
Straighten ear canal (pull Up = adUlt, pull Down = chilD)
Speculum held to triages (hand on cheek)

39
Q

Asymmetrical swelling of tonsils, uvula, hyperextension of neck, with a throaty voice may be?

A

Epiglotitis

40
Q

What teaching tool is helpful to parents for preventing thrush in children?

A

Sterilize pacifiers and nipples

41
Q

Name a few beta lactam antibiotics:

A

Augmentin
3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins
3rd and 4th generation floroquinolones

42
Q

What are S/S of infectious mononucleosis?

A

Sore throat
Fatigue
Platine petechiae
Posterior cervical adenopathy

43
Q

If a toddler-preschool aged child came in with S/S of sore throat/fever, vesiculated ulcerations on tonsils and uvula, what might be a diagnosis?

A

Hyperangina (coxsackie virus)

44
Q

On evaluation of patient, you see grayish membrane on the uvula and pharynx, what is this?

A

Diptheria

45
Q

Patient presents with S/S sore throat/fever, oral or pharyngeal ulcerations, lesions on the hands/feet. What is your diagnosis?

A

Hand, foot and mouth disease (coxsackie virus)

46
Q

Mono spot (mononucleosis) is most likely to be positive how many weeks after infection?

A

2-3 weeks

47
Q

A “hot potato” voice is indicative of?

A

Peritonsillar abscess

48
Q

In a child with thrush, when should parents apply nystatin - before or after eating?

A

After

49
Q

When diagnosis pharyngitis - what table is used to determine if an antibiotic is required?

A 
Centor Score:
1 pt - no cough
1 pt - swollen tender cervical nodes
1 pt - fever
1 pt - tonsillar exudates/swelling

Later: Age Modified
44:-1

Score 0-1: no test, no treat
Score 2-3: test, treat positives
Score 4 or >: treat, no test

50
Q

Why do you treat bacterial (Grp A Hemolytic Strep) pharyngitis?

A 
This bacteria can cause:
Rheumatic fever
Heart disease
Peritonsillar abscess
Retro-pharyngeal abscess,pain
51
Q

Pharyngitis is mostly bacterial or viral?

A

Viral - >80% may have a virus

EENT - Soft Chalk (1 decks)

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